大气污染排放格局优化方法及案例

目前改善空气质量的方法包括末端治理、产业结构调整、能源结构调整以及交通结构调整等，鲜见大气排放空间格局优化的方法.因此，本研究团队基于自然环境、人体健康、污染物传输能力和气象扩散条件等多种因素，使用阈值、自然间断点分级和空间擦除等方法划定大气环境布局适宜区；并据此优化调整大气排放格局，实现空气质量改善；再以广东省为例，校验空气质量改善效益以及探讨大气环境分区对排放格局优化的引导应用.结果表明，广东省环境空气质量一类区面积占全省9%；人口密集区占3%；国控站点敏感区占15%；污染物积聚区占22%；大气环境布局适宜区占60%，主要分布在粤西.通过推动广东省非火电工业源移入大气环境布局适宜区，可以使全省PM_2.5平均改善4%，城市最大改善10%.排放格局优化是空气质量持续改善方法中的一种创新性辅助支撑技术，在实际应用中，可以结合能源与产业结构调整、污染控制技术提升和跨区域联合防控，综合制定最可行的空气质量改善方案.

Optimization Method and Case Study of Air Pollution Emission Spatial Pattern

Few of the current methods of improving air quality, including end-pipe treatment, industrial, energy and transportation structure adjustments, are from the viewpoint of the spatial pattern optimization of pollutant emissions. Therefore, based on factors such as natural environment, human health, pollutant transmission capability, and meteorological diffusion conditions, our research group used the threshold approach, natural breaks, spatial erasure, and other methods to define the layout area suitable for atmospheric pollution sources. Based on these results, the emissions pattern was optimized to achieve air quality improvement. Taking Guangdong Province as an example, we examined the application of the emissions pattern optimization of air quality improvement and atmospheric environment zoning. The results indicate that the first class area of environmental air quality accounts for 9% of total province area, the densely populated area accounts for 3%, the sensitive area of the national air quality monitor stations accounts for 15%, the pollutant accumulation area accounts for 22%, and the layout area suitable for atmospheric pollution sources primarily distributed in the west part of the province accounts for 60%. By shifting the non-thermal power industrial sources into those area, the concentration level of PM_2.5 will decrease by 4% at the provincial scale and 10% at the city scale. Emissions pattern optimization has become an innovative aided support technology for the continuous improvement of air quality. In practical applications, it can be combined with energy and industrial structure adjustments, pollution control technology enhancements, and cross-regional prevention and control to formulate the most feasible air quality improvement plan.