广州秋季灰霾污染过程大气颗粒物有机酸的污染特征

收集广州秋季一个灰霾过程大气颗粒物昼夜样品,进行了26种脂肪酸和8种二元羧酸的定量分析(GC/MS).结果表明,大气脂肪酸和二元羧酸的污染水平较高.灰霾与非灰霾期间脂肪酸和二元羧酸浓度之比分别为1.9和2.5.污染上升过程脂肪酸和二元羧酸晚上浓度(653 ng.m-3)高于白天浓度(487 ng.m-3),而在污染降低过程,白天脂肪酸和二元羧酸浓度(412 ng.m-3)要高于晚上浓度(336 ng.m-3).采样期间二元羧酸和脂肪酸日均值浓度总体上与颗粒物和碳质组分的变化趋势一致.脂肪酸和二元羧酸与有机碳比值大体上与颗粒物污染成反比,比值随着大气颗粒物的增加而降低,27号晚上之后,随着颗粒物的降低而开始增加,说明有机酸主要以直接排放为主,而灰霾对有机酸的富集有明显抑制作用.基于特征比值法(C3/C4)及相关性分析,表明秋季灰霾污染过程脂肪酸和二元羧酸都是以一次排放为主.

Pollution Characteristics of Organic Acids in Atmospheric Particles During Haze Periods in Autumn in Guangzhou

Total suspended particles (TSP), collected during a typical haze period in Guangzhou, were analyzed for the fatty acids (C12-C30) and low molecular weight dicarboxylic acids (C3-C9) using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The results showed that the concentration of total fatty and carboxylic acids was pretty high during the haze episode. The ratios of fatty acids and carboxylic acids in haze to those in normal days were 1.9 and 2.5, respectively. During the episode of the increasing pollution, the fatty acids and carboxylic acids at night (653 ng·m^-3) was higher than that (487 ng·m^-3) in days. After that, the level of fatty acids and carboxylic acids in days (412 ng·m^-3) was higher than that (336 ng·m^-3) at night. In general, the time-series of fatty acids and carboxylic acids was similar to that of the air particle and carbonaceous species, however, the trend of the ratio of fatty acids and carboxylic acids to organic carbon was opposite to that of air particle and carbonaceous species. This ratio decreased with the increase of the concentration of air particle and after the night of 27th, the ratio increased with the decrease in the concentration of air particle. The results showed that haze pollution had a significant inhibitory effect on the enrichment of fatty and carboxylic acids. Based on the ratio of malonate to succinate (C3/C4), it could be found that primary sources contribute more to the atmospheric fatty and carboxylic acids during the autumn haze pollution periods in Guangzhou.