基于物质流分析的钾素流动与循环研究

我国钾矿资源匮乏,自给率低,主要的使用和流动过程集中在种植业活动中.本研究利用物质流分析方法对2009年我国种植业生产和消费过程中钾素的流动和循环过程进行了解析.结果表明,农田土壤钾素平均亏损量达到50.4 kg·hm-2,大量钾素由陆生生态系统进入水生生态系统,造成资源流失.伴随降雨径流进入水环境的钾素达231.2万t·a-1,占当年化学钾肥施用量的40.97%.生活污水排放是钾素进入水体的另一主要途径,城市和农村区域的年排放量分别为67.1万t·a-1和54.7万t·a-1,占进入水环境钾素总量的19.00%和15.50%.其中通过城市污水处理厂排放进入地表水环境中钾素为50.5万t·a-1,占城市区域排放总量的75.25%.

Research of Potassium Flow and Circulation Based on Substance Flow Analysis

Mass of potassium is consumed in the process of crop production, which is the dominating section of potassium flow and circulation in China. However, the degree of self-sufficiency is relatively low due to the deficient domestic resource of potassium. This study analyzed the key links of potassium issues in crop production and consumptive use in 2009 based on substance flow analysis. The results indicated that the farmland nutrient balance of input/output couldn't make even, with a heavy deficit of 50.4 kg·hm^-2 at the national level. Meanwhile, about 2.31 million ton of potash fertilizer was washed away into the hydrologic cycle, which accounts for 40.97% of chemical fertilizer applied in the whole year. Domestic wastewater in urban and rural areas was identified as another primary source for the transformation of potassium from terrestrial ecosystem to water environment system, annually contributing 671 and 547 thousand tons, which takes up 19.00% and 15.50%, respectively. And the amount of potassium in effluent of wastewater treatment plants was 505 thousand tons per year, accounting for 75.25% of the total emission in urban areas.