郑州市公交车队电动化减污降碳环境效益

公交车队电动化是道路交通部门实现减污降碳的重要手段，评估当前公交车队电动化减排成效，对推进大中型城市公交全面电动化具有重要参考意义.基于燃料生命周期法分析了郑州市公交车队电动化前后CO₂和污染物排放特征，并评估了不同电动化情景下的车队排放.结果表明，本轮电动化使公交车队燃料生命周期内CO₂和PM_2.5排放量分别增长32.6%和42.6%，CO、NO_x和VOC排放量下降了28%，34%和25%.优化发电结构对于电动化过程中的CO₂及PM_2.5减排尤为重要，在全面电动化和发电结构优化的最佳情景下，CO₂、CO、NO_x、VOC和PM_2.5减排可达38.7%、80.1%、84.4%、92.2%、30.2%.在全面电动化进程中，应优先对中长里程线路车辆进行电动化替换，此外，插电混动天然气车型的纯电动化替换对减排利弊兼有，同步推进车队替换和电力结构调整进程才能实现减污降碳协同增效.

Environmental Benefits of Pollution and Carbon Reduction by Bus Fleet Electrification in Zhengzhou

Electrification of bus fleets is an effective approach to reducing transportation-related pollution and carbon emissions. Evaluating the impact of electrification on existing bus fleets can provide valuable insights for promoting full electrification of public transportation in large cities. Utilizing the fuel life cycle method, we analyzed the CO₂ and pollutant emissions of Zhengzhou''s bus fleet before and after electrification and evaluated emissions under different electrification scenarios. Our results indicated that after electrification, the fuel life cycle CO₂ and PM_2.5 emissions increased by 32.6% and 42.6%, respectively, whereas CO, NO_x, and VOC emissions decreased by 28%, 34%, and 25%, respectively. Optimizing the power generation structure is a critical factor in reducing CO₂ and PM_2.5 emissions during the electrification process. The best scenario for comprehensive electrification and power generation structure optimization could result in a 38.7% reduction in CO₂, as well as reductions of 80.1% in CO, 84.4% in NO_x, 92.2% in VOC, and 30.2% in PM_2.5. Prioritizing electrification on long-distance routes is recommended during the replacement process. Additionally, replacing plug-in hybrid natural gas vehicles with pure electric vehicles has both advantages and disadvantages in terms of emission reduction. Achieving pollution reduction and carbon synergies requires advancing fleet replacement and power structure adjustments simultaneously.