广东大宝山铁多金属矿废水对河流沿岸土壤的重金属污染

粤北大宝山铁多金属矿开发活动产生的选冶废水未经处理直接排放到横石河水中,给横石河流域沿岸环境带来了严重的危害. 对沿岸土壤剖面重金属总量和形态的分析表明, Pb、Zn、Cd、Cu等均存在不同程度的污染. 其中, 以Cd污染最为严重, Pb、Zn也达到中度污染至强污染. 河流水体和土壤的pH值对金属总量和可交换态离子浓度有一定程度的影响. 土壤中金属总量、金属可交换态含量随着土壤酸度的变化出现相应的变化. 在地处下游地势低平污染严重的上坝村, 农田表层土Pb、Zn、Cd、Cu的总量分别达到257.762, 350.235, 5.083和186.901　mg·kg^-1, 分别超出国家标准的1.03倍、1.75倍、16.9倍和3.7倍, 且污染渗透至土壤的深层, 生态环境受到严重的潜在危害.

Study on Heavy Metals in Soils Contaminated by Acid Mine Drainage from Dabaoshan Mine, Guangdong

Mining activities in the Dabaoshan area in the upper reach of the Hengshihe River have caused severe environmental changes, the waste water of milling and refining drained directly into the Hengshihe River, which contaminated the soils along the river severely. It is shown that Pb, Zn, Cd and Cu have contaminated the soil, the Cd contamination was more severe, and the contaminated level of Pb, Zn reached moderately to strongly polluted. The pH value of river and soil affected directly the heavy metals concentration of total and exchangeable ions, and presented negative pertinences. The levels of Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd in the surface soil of Shangbacun village in the lower reach of the river were found as high as 257.762, 350.235, 5.083 and 186.901 mg x kg(-1) respectively, which were relatively higher than those of the background values of soil 1.03, 1.75, 16.9 and 3.7 times respectively, and the result on the soil profiles showed that the contaminations have infiltrated into lower layer soil, ecological environment was harmed severely.