2-甲基乙酰乙酸乙酯对藻细胞膜和亚显微结构的影响

为揭示化感物质抑制藻类的机理, 研究了芦苇化感物质2-甲基乙酰乙酸乙酯(eathyl-2-methyl acetoacetate, EMA)对蛋白核小球藻、铜绿微囊藻和普通小球藻细胞膜磷脂脂肪酸种类、含量以及藻细胞亚显微结构的影响,采用Bligh and dye法提取藻类细胞膜磷脂脂肪酸,GC-MS测定脂肪酸种类和含量,透射电镜法观测细胞亚显微结构. 结果表明, EMA使蛋白核小球藻细胞膜不饱和脂肪酸亚麻酸、亚油酸含量都增加了14%, 而饱和脂肪酸肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸含量则下降了12%和11%. 加入EMA后, 铜绿微囊藻细胞膜中不饱和脂肪酸C18∶1和C18∶2含量分别增加了12%和10%, 饱和脂肪酸C18∶0和C16∶0含量则下降. EMA对普通小球藻细胞膜磷脂脂肪酸含量没有显著影响. EMA使蛋白核小球藻和铜绿微囊藻细胞壁脱落, 细胞膜破裂, 细胞内含物渗出, 细胞内片层结构解体, 细胞核和线粒体结构损坏. EMA对普通小球藻细胞亚显微结构没有显著破坏.

Effects of Allelochemical EMA Isolated from Phragmites communis on Algal Cell Membrane Lipid and Ultrastructure

In order to reveal the antialgal mechanisms of allelochemicals, effects of the allelochemical eathyl-2-methyl acetoacetate (EMA) on cell membrane lipid and ultrastructure of Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Microcystis aeruginosa and Chlorella vulagaris were studied in this paper. The lipid fatty acids of the algal membrane were isolated following the Bligh and Dye method and quantified by gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry. The ultrastructure of algal cells was observed with TEM. The results showed that EMA increased the contents of linolenic acid and linolic acid with increment of 14%, while decreased the content of myristic acid and cetylic acid in C. pyrenoidosa membrane. The content of unsaturated fatty acids C18:1 and C18:2 increased 12% and 10% in M. aeruginosa with the addition of EMA, while the content of saturated fatty acids C18:0 and C16:0 decreased. EMA showed no significant change on the fatty acid composition in C. vulagaris under the experiment condition. EMA broke off cell wall of C. pyrenoidosa and M. aeruginosa. EMA damaged the cell membrane and the inclusion of algal cell leaked out. Nuclear and mitochondrial structure was damaged with the addition of EMA. EMA showed no significant change on the ultrastructure of C. vulagaris.