黄花水龙对富营养化水体中氮磷去除效果的研究

在太湖地区沟渠、池塘及河网中广泛分布着1种形态类似水花生的土著浮水植物--黄花水龙,其生长习性表明黄花水龙是太湖地区水生态系统修复的潜在物种.采用室内试验和现场观测相结合的方式,进一步探讨了黄花水龙对富营养化水体中氮磷的去除效果.室内试验结果显示,夏季黄花水龙对总氮去除率约为60%,分别是水葫芦、水花生和对照的2.6、2.9和3.8倍,对总磷去除率约为25%,分别是水葫芦、水花生和对照的0.7、1.9和5倍;冬季黄花水龙对总氮和总磷去除率分别约为23%和20%,是对照的3.3和2倍;夏季和冬季黄花水龙对氨氮和硝氮亦有良好的净化效果.宜兴林庄港现场观测显示,7～10月引种黄花水龙的河段水体中总氮和总磷的去除率为10.2%～19.6%和23.4%～41.6%,而同期对照河段仅为0.1%～1.6%和3.7%～5.6%.室内试验和现场试验结果均表明黄花水龙对受损水体中氮磷具有良好的净化效果,可作为太湖河网富营养化水体修复的植物之一.

Removal of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Eutrophic Water by Jussiaea stipulacea Ohwi

Jussiaea stipulacea Ohwi, a native kind of floating vegetation resembling Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb., is widespread in ditches, ponds and rivers of Taihu Lake Basin. Its growth habits indicate its potential use in aquatic ecological restoration in Taihu Lake Basin. The removal effects of Jussiaea stipulacea Ohwi on nitrogen and phosphorus in eutrophic water were further studied in indoor experiment, as well as in field observation. The results of indoor experiment show that in summer, the removal rate for total nitrogen was 60%, which is 1.6, 1.9 and 2.8 times greater than that of Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms., Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb., and control, respectively, and the removal rate for total phosphorus was about 25%, which is 0.3 times lower than that of Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms., but 0.9 and 4 times higher than that of Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb., and control, in winter, the removal rates for total nitrogen and total phosphorus were 23% and 20%, 2.3 and 1 times higher than that of control; Jussiaea stipulacea Ohwi also has good removal effects for ammonia and nitrite. And the results of field observation in Linzhuanggang River, Yixing City, show that the removal rates of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in July to October were 10.2%-19.6% and 23.4%-41.6% in the reach with Jussiaea stipulacea Ohwi, while only 0.1%-1.6% and 3.7%-5.6% in control reach. Based on its good purifying effect on nitrogen and phosphorus in indoor experiment and field observation, the indigene Jussiaea stipulacea Ohwi is recommended as one species of aquatic vegetation in phytoremediation for eutrophic water in rivers of Tailu Lake Basin.