上海市郊保护地土壤盐分研究

研究了上海市郊部分旱作农田土壤盐分特征.结果表明,上海市郊部分种植瓜果、蔬菜的土壤出现盐渍化趋势.其中,非盐化土壤占88.52%,轻度盐化土壤占10.37%,中度盐化土壤占0.74%,重度盐化土壤占0.37%.盐分组成中,阴离子以SO^2-₄为主,其次为Cl^-、NO^-₃,阳离子以Ca²⁺、Na⁺离子为主,其次为Mg²⁺、K⁺离子.这些离子成分除了少量的土壤原始沉积量外,大多为化肥的副成分或转化物.沪郊设施栽培土壤次生盐渍化的形成与化肥使用不当或过量施用密切相关.不同种植方式0～20 cm耕层土壤中盐分从高到低依次为：大棚菜地、大棚瓜地、大棚瓜-菜轮作地和露天菜地.随着设施利用时间的增长,同一区域设施土壤全盐量持续升高,下层土壤盐分逐步向上层富集,且这种自下而上的富集速度有加快的趋势.

Soils Salinity Content of Greenhouse in Shanghai Suburb

Salinity content and characteristic of farmland soil in Shanghai suburb was studied. Result indicates that soils in greenhouse in Shanghai suburb are partially salted. Soils of suburb where grow melons or vegetables in Shanghai city, 88.52% soil is non-salted while 10.37% mildly salted, 0.74% obviously salted and 0.37% badly salted. Anions component of salt salinity in soil are mainly SO42-, C1- , NO3- and cations component are mainly Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+, K+. These ions are mostly from fertilizer auxiliary component or fertilizer transformation component besides some original deposition in soil. The formation of soil secondary salted in greenhouse cultivation in suburbs of Shanghai has a close relationship with improper fertilization or employing too much fertilizer. Soil salinity is different with different cultivation mode and utilization time. From high to low, sequence of soil salinity content in 0cm~20cm cultivation layer of different crop mode is green house vegetable soil, melon soil, vegetable melon rotation soil and hypaethral vegetable soil respectively. In the same region, salinity in greenhouse soil continually increases and accumulates from underlayer to surface along with more utilization years.