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中国畜禽养殖结构及其粪便N污染负荷特征分析
引用本文:张绪美,董元华,王辉,沈旦.中国畜禽养殖结构及其粪便N污染负荷特征分析[J].环境科学,2007,28(6):1311-1318.
作者姓名:张绪美  董元华  王辉  沈旦
作者单位:1. 中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,南京,210008;中国科学院南京土壤研究所-香港浸会大学土壤与环境联合开放实验室,南京,210008;中国科学院研究生院,北京,100049
2. 江苏省农调局,南京,210008
基金项目:中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX3-SW-435);江苏省自然科学基金前期预研项目(BK2004219);中国科学院“十一五”农办支持项目(KSCX2-YW-N-51-02)
摘    要:利用中国31个省(自治区、直辖市)1997~2004年牛、猪、羊和家禽的养殖量统计数据,计算了畜禽粪便量和以氮含量为标准的猪粪当量,分析了我国不同省(自治区、直辖市)的畜禽养殖结构变化情况以及畜禽粪便污染结构,进而结合农田耕地面积求出了不同地区的畜禽粪便农田负荷量及其分布状况.研究表明,中国的畜禽粪便N污染负荷呈现由西北内陆向东南沿海逐渐加重的趋势,可以400 mm等降水量线为界分为高污染负荷区和低污染负荷区.另外,北京与上海2市畜禽养殖在经历了持续高速发展之后,近几年开始回落,畜禽粪便N污染负荷开始下降,但其周边地区的畜禽粪便N污染负荷却呈现出居高不下甚至不断攀升的趋势.最后,通过对畜禽粪便N污染负荷量预警分析,发现全国只有8省(自治区、直辖市)污染负荷量对环境尚未构成潜在威胁,其余省份理论上对环境均构成潜在威胁.结果表明,畜禽养殖结构和畜禽粪便污染特征均与当地经济发展水平程度有着密切的联系;经济发达区畜禽粪便污染已开始向周边地区进行转移;东部地区的畜禽养殖业对环境的潜在威胁较重.

关 键 词:中国  畜禽  结构  N污染负荷  特征
文章编号:0250-3301(2007)06-1311-08
收稿时间:2006/7/20 0:00:00
修稿时间:2006-07-202006-11-13

Structure of Livestock and Variation of Fecal Nitrogen Pollution Load in China
ZHANG Xu-mei,DONG Yuan-hu,DONG Yuan-hua and SHEN Dan.Structure of Livestock and Variation of Fecal Nitrogen Pollution Load in China[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Science,2007,28(6):1311-1318.
Authors:ZHANG Xu-mei  DONG Yuan-hu  DONG Yuan-hua and SHEN Dan
Institution:1. State Key Laboratory of Soll and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; 2 .Joint Laboratory on Soil and Environment, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Hongkong Baptist University (ISSAS- HKBU
Abstract:Based on the livestock statistical data of 31provinces of 1997~2004, this paper analyzed the structure of livestock and the variation of fecal nitrogen pollution load in China. The results showed that the relationship between structure of livestock and the economic situation of different provinces was obviously significant. The nitrogen pollution load of livestock was increasing gradually from the northwest to the southeast, and could be divided into relative higher and lower parts, in line with the boundary of 400mm rainfall of China. Meanwhile, in Beijing and Shanghai, with population concentrated and economy developed, the livestock had developed at a higher speed. However, in the last few years, the developing speed had been decreased slowly; the pollution load had begun to decrease, while the pollution load of livestock in the provinces around Beijing and Shanghai has been increased gradually. Additionally, it is found that only eight provinces are not facing the risk of livestock pollution theoretically.
Keywords:China  livestock  structure  nitrogen pollution load  characteristic
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