上海市城区非渗透性地面径流的污染特性研究

通过2003～2005年连续3 a对上海市城区非渗透性地表径流的采样与检测,获得了19个采样点56组径流水样污染物（COD、BOD₅、SS、NH⁺₄-N、TP、TN）浓度随降雨历时的变化过程线.据此分析了径流污染物浓度的变化规律及其与降雨特性之间的关系,计算了地表径流水质的事件平均浓度,分析了事件平均浓度的分布规律及其与降雨特性参数之间的相关关系.研究表明,上海市区非渗透性地面径流事件平均浓度中值（mg/L）为：COD 205,BOD₅ 68,SS 185,NH⁺₄-N 3.14,TP 0.40,TN 7.23,大大高于法国巴黎同类研究的结果;BOD₅与COD的比值约为0.37,明显高于发达国家相关监测的结果.结果表明,上海市城区地表径流污染严重,即使实现了理想的分流制也难以控制面源污染对城市水环境的危害.

Characteristics of Surface Runoff Pollution of Shanghai Urban Area

Sampling and monitoring of surface runoff in Shanghai urban area were carried out during rainy seasons from 2003 to 2005,and pollutographs of COD,BOD_5,SS,NH~ _4-N,TP and TN of 56 rainfall events from 19 sampling sites were analyzed.Discharge processes of runoff pollutants during rain events and relationships of the processes with rainfall characters were discussed,and event mean concentrations(EMCs) were calculated.Probability distribution of EMCs and correlation between EMCs and rain characters were analyzed.Medium event mean concentrations of pollutants in surface runoff of Shanghai urban area are: COD 205,BOD_5 68,SS 185,NH~ _4-N 3.14,TP 0.40,TN 7.23((mg/L)),which are much higher than those in Paris urban area.The ratio of BOD_5 to COD is 0.37,which is very high for surface runoff compared with that of large cities of developed countries.Results show that impervious surface pollution is serious in Shanghai urban area and some measures must be taken to improve urban water environment quality except stormwater separation.