PLFA法研究稻草固态发酵中的微生物群落结构变化

在稻草固态发酵体系中同时接种土壤微生物和黄孢原毛平革菌,用磷脂脂肪酸（PLFA）谱图分析法研究发酵过程的微生物群落和生物量变化,同时监测木质纤维素降解率的变化.结果表明,发酵后木质纤维素的降解率可达44%.根据标记性脂肪酸的变化,在发酵第6 d,革兰氏阳性菌、革兰氏阴性菌、真菌的含量都达到了最高值,其中,革兰氏阳性菌的含量较低;真菌和细菌的脂肪酸含量比值变化范围为0 .2～0 .5,说明真菌是降解木质纤维素的主要群落.主成分分析结果显示,发酵后期以18碳不饱和脂肪酸为主,与标记性脂肪酸分析结果一致,同时跟木质纤维素降解率的变化趋势对应,因此PLFA分析法可以较好地反映稻草固态发酵过程中的微生物群落结构和生物量的变化.

Microbial Community Changes During the Degradation of Straw Using Phospholipid Fatty Acid Analysis

Solid-state fermentation system of rice straw was established with the inoculation of soil microorganism and Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Microbial biomass and community structure were investigated using the phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) technique, and the changes of lignocellulose's degradation rate were also detected during the process. The experimental results show that lignocellulose degradation rate reaches 44% after fermentation. When the total amount of phospholipid fatty acid is separated into indicator phospholipid fatty acids for different groups of microorganisms, these groups show different patterns during the process. Contents of PLFA in gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative and fungi reach their peak value on the sixth day. Gram-positive bacteria have lower contents. The PLFA content ratio of fungi and bacteria is 0.2 - 0.5, so fungi are the main community decomposing lignocellulose. Principal component analysis of the PLFA data show that 18 carbon unsaturated fatty acids are the major fatty acids at the end of the process, which is consistent with the results of indicator phospholipid fatty acids and lignocellulose's degradation rates, so PLFA technique is able to fairly well detect the changes of microbial biomass and community structure in solid-state fermentation system of rice straw.