改良剂对黄泥土镉锌复合污染修复效应与机理研究

采用盆栽试验,研究了镉锌复合污染黄泥土中施用石灰、有机肥、海泡石对小油菜生物产量、镉锌吸收量、土壤中镉锌形态转化、pH等的影响.结果表明,施用改良剂,小油菜(Brassica chinensis Linn)连种3季的生物产量都显著提高,对镉锌的吸收量降低,其中以石灰和有机肥配施的效果最好,增产170%以上;改良剂单施降低小油菜对镉锌的吸收以石灰的效果较好,海泡石的最差.这主要是因为施用改良剂后镉锌的交换态减少,而对作物有效性低的碳酸盐结合态、铁锰氧化态和残渣态增加,同时,pH也有不同程度的升高.小油菜对镉的吸收系数大于锌的吸收系数,说明镉在土壤中的移动性比锌大,施用石灰降低吸收系数的效果最好.石灰与有机肥配施能够显著提高镉锌复合污染黄泥土的修复效率,与对照相比,修复镉污染的效率提高13.5倍;修复锌污染的效率提高2.4倍.

Effects and Mechanism of Amendments on Remediation of Cd-Zn Contaminated Paddy Soil

Amendments are widely applied in agricultural soils to improve soil quality and crop yield. Effects of three amendments, lime, manure, and sepiolite on cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) bioavailability in contaminated paddy soils were studied by pot experiment with cultivating rape. There were eight treatments, including lime, manure, and sepiolite separately applied and combined with others in contaminated soil. The biomass yield of rape was investigated after harvest. The amounts of absorbed Cd and Zn in harvested rape with application amendments were determined. Besides soil pH, different forms of Cd and Zn in the conducted soils were also measured. Results showed that the yield of rape increased after amendments application. The treatment of lime and manure co-application showed the highest increasing yield by more than 170% comparing with no amendments application in the eight treatments. The amount of absorbed Cd and Zn in rape decreased after the three amendments application. Lime application showed the best effect to decrease the heavy metal content in rape when amendments were separately applied. However, sepiolite could hardly decrease the content in rape after separately applied in contaminated soil. It was mainly due to the decrease of exchangeable Cd and Zn, which was available for rape, after lime application. Soil pH in these treatments increased in response. Accordingly, the carbonate combined and the Fe-Mn oxide fractions, which were unavailable in soil for rape, increased greatly. The uptake coefficient of Cd was higher than that of Zn. It indicated that Cd was more movable in soil and lime application could obviously decrease the uptake coefficient. The remediation efficiency was significantly improved in the treatment of co-application with lime and manure in Cd-Zn contaminated paddy soil. Compared with control (CK), it increased 13.5 times for Cd and 2.4 times for Zn, respectively.