开封市公园地表灰尘重金属污染及健康风险

在开封市龙亭公园(PL)、相国寺(PX)、铁塔公园(PT)、清明上河园(PQ)采集地表灰尘样品52个,用原子荧光(AFS)法测定灰尘Hg、As含量,用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定Cr、Cu、Zn、Pb、Ni、Cd含量.然后应用地积累指数(Igeo)和污染负荷指数(PLI)探讨灰尘重金属污染特征,应用美国环保署的健康风险模型开展针对成人的重金属健康风险评价.结果表明,灰尘Hg、Cd、Pb、Zn、Cu含量明显高于中国潮土背景值和开封市周边灰尘背景值,其中Hg、Pb严重污染,Cu、Zn、Cd多为轻污染和偏中度污染,As、Cr、Ni污染程度较轻.4个公园中PX灰尘为强度污染,PL为中度污染,PT和PQ为轻度污染.各公园灰尘重金属的平均致癌风险指数(TCR)10-6,存在一定的人体可耐受的致癌风险,4个公园灰尘重金属平均TCR顺序为:PLPQPXPT.各公园灰尘重金属平均非致癌风险总指数(HI)1,不存在非致癌健康风险.

Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution and Its Health Risk of Surface Dusts from Parks of Kaifeng,China

Fifty-two dust samples were collected from four parks Longting Park (P_L), Tieta Park (P_T), Qingmingshanghe Park (P_Q), Xiangguosi Park (P_X)] located in Kaifeng City, China. Concentrations of Hg and As in dusts were measured by atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS), while Cr, Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni and Cd were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometry (ICP-MS). The heavy metal pollution of dust was assessed using Geo-accumulation index (I_geo) and pollution load index (PLI). The health risk due to exposure to heavy metals in dust was assessed using the model recommended by USEPA. The non-carcinogen(HI) and carcinogen health risks (TCR) were also calculated to evaluate the potential risks to adults. The results showed that the average contents of Hg, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb were much higher than those in control samples and the background values of fluvo-aquic soil in China. The samples were seriously polluted by Hg and Pb, besides, there was moderate pollution, slight pollution of Cu and Zn, and no pollution of As, Cr and Ni. The PLI from the 4 Parks indicated that there was serious heavy metals pollution of dust in P_X, moderate pollution in P_L, and slight pollution in P_T and P_Q. The average HI of heavy metals in the four Parks was lower than one. The average HI decreased in the order of P_L > P_X > P_T > P_Q, while the average TCR decreased in the order of P_L > P_Q > P_x > P_T. The contribution rate of HQ_As to HI was about 43.51%, and that of CR_As to TCR was about 70.11%.