外源添加磷和有机酸模拟铅污染土壤钝化效果及产物的稳定性研究

有机酸可提高土壤磷有效性,且能影响对重金属的固定,其在磷活化和重金属钝化方面具有非常复杂的功能.本研究以模拟铅污染土壤为对象,外源添加磷和柠檬酸,采用BCR三步连续提取法、0.01 mol·L-1CaCl2提取和毒性淋溶提取法(TCLP)评价有机酸存在下磷对模拟铅污染土壤的钝化效果;以苹果酸、NaNO3溶液为解吸剂探讨磷-柠檬酸-铅体系的稳定性.结果表明,无柠檬酸时,酸提取态Pb含量随磷浓度的增加而降低;加磷100 mg·kg-1、400 mg·kg-1时,酸提取态Pb含量随柠檬酸浓度增加而显著增加.残渣态Pb与酸提取态Pb的变化趋势相反,说明磷能降低土壤铅的生物有效性,柠檬酸则作用相反.有机酸浓度一定时,随磷浓度增加,0.01 mol·L-1CaCl2提取和TCLP提取的铅含量均呈降低趋势,表明磷具有钝化铅污染土壤的效果;但磷浓度一定时,它们提取铅含量随柠檬酸浓度增加表现出相反的变化趋势.土壤铅的解吸率随苹果酸浓度增加、pH值减小、离子强度增加而提高,且只添加磷处理的土壤铅解吸量较添加磷和柠檬酸共同处理的土壤少,前者钝化的铅稳定性更高.

Effect of Phosphate and Organic Acid Addition on Passivation of Simulated Pb Contaminated Soil and the Stability of the Product

Organic acids can improve the phosphorus availability, influence the immobilization of heavy metals in soil, and has very complicated function in phosphorus activation and heavy metal passivation. This research took simulated Pb contaminated soil as material, phosphate and citric acid as remediation matter, adopted BCR continuous extraction, 0.01 mol ·L^-1 CaCl₂ and toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) to evaluate the remediation effect. Besides, malic acid and NaNO₃ were taken as desorption reagents to discuss the stability of the phosphorus-citric acid-Pb system. The results showed that: in the absence of citric acid, the amount of acid extracted Pb decreased along with the increase of P concentration; when the P concentration was 100 and 400 mg ·kg^-1, acid extractable Pb increased with the increasing of citric acid concentration. However, residual Pb changed in the opposite direction from acid extractable Pb. The phenomenon showed that P improved the bioavailability of Pb, while citric acid had the opposite effect. With a certain organic acid concentration, extractable Pb contents extracted by 0.01 mol ·L^-1 CaCl₂ and TCLP both decreased with the increasing P concentration, therefore, P had immobilization effect on Pb in contaminated soil. But at a fixed P concentration, extractable Pb contents by 0.01 mol ·L^-1 CaCl₂ and TCLP changed in the opposite trend with the increasing citric acid concentration. The desorption rate of Pb in soil increased with the increasing malic acid concentration, the decreasing pH and the increasing ionic strength. The desorption extent of Pb in soil with P only was lower than that with both P and citric acid. But the stability of Pb passivated by the former was higher.