应用X射线吸收近边结构谱研究东北农耕土壤中的氯种态及含量

建立了应用X射线吸收近边结构谱(XANES)测定土壤中氯种态及含量的方法并应用该方法对东北地区3种典型农耕土壤(黑土、沼泽土和暗棕壤)进行了分析.本研究以氯化钠、3-氯丙酸以及氯酚红这3种模型化合物谱图作为标准谱图,采用最小二乘法拟合进行定性分析,用一系列不同浓度氯化钠标准谱在2854.80 eV的绝对荧光强度和氯元素浓度线性关系做定量总氯浓度.方法检出限为2 mg·kg-1,相对标准偏差为0%~5%(n=5),回收率为77%~133%.结果表明,研究区土壤总氯含量均值为19 mg·kg-1,其中有机氯平均相对含量高达61%,是无机氯浓度的1~2倍.不同类型土壤中总氯、无机氯和有机氯含量趋势皆为:沼泽土>暗棕壤>黑土.结果表明,XANES法可以无损、全面地测定真实土壤样品中的氯种态及含量,将为进一步研究氯素的地球化学循环提供一定的基础数据.

Chlorine Speciation and Concentration in Cultivated Soil in the Northeastern China Studied by X-Ray Absorption Near Edge Structure

A procedure has been proposed to determine chlorine speciation and concentration in soil with X-ray absorption near edge structure(XANES), and this method was applied to study the cultivated soil(bog,dark brown and black cultivated soil) in the Northeastern China. Qualitative analysis was carried out by least-squares fitting of sample spectra with standard spectra of three model compounds (NaCl, 3-chloropropionic acid, chlorophenol red). Linear correlation between the absolute fluorescence intensity of a series of NaCl standards and the Cl concentration was used as quantification standard for measuring the total Cl concentration in samples. The detection limits,relative standard deviation(RSD),recoveries were 2 mg ·kg^-1, 0%-5% and 77%-133%, respectively. The average concentration of total Cl was 19 mg ·kg^-1. The average relative content was as high as 61% of organochlorine with the concentration of 1-2 times as high as the concentration of inorganic chloride. The distribution trend of the total Cl, inorganic chloride and organic chlorine in different types of soil was: bog arable soil>dark brown soil>black soil. In conclusion, XANES is a reliable method to nondestructively characterize the speciation and concentration of chlorine in soil, which would provide some basic data for the future study of the chlorine's biogeochemical transformations.