滇池流域入湖河流丰水期大型底栖动物群落特征及其与水环境因子的关系

研究了滇池流域入湖河流丰水期大型底栖动物群落特征及其与水环境因子的关系.在滇池流域29条入湖河流2009年7～8月进行大型底栖动物群落调查,并在2008年9月～2009年8月进行逐月17项水环境指标监测,目的是阐明滇池流域入湖河流丰水期大型底栖动物群落特征,识别影响大型底栖动物群落特征的主要水环境因子,比较大型底栖动物群落Shannon-Weaver多样性指数与水环境质量评价空间分布格局的特点.滇池流域入湖河流丰水期共检出大型底栖动物3门7科8属(其中环节动物门4科5属,软体动物门2科2属,节肢动物门1科1属),群落结构以环节动物门的水丝蚓属(耐污生物)为优势属；TN、 NH⁺₄-N、 TP和DO是影响大型底栖动物群落特征的主要水环境因子,分别为2.03～32.00、 0.34～26.66、 0.09～3.20、 0.10～6.80 mg/L；大型底栖动物群落Shannon-Weaver多样性指数与水环境质量评价的空间分布格局一致,均为流域北部入湖河流(王家堆渠、新运粮河、老运粮河、乌龙河、大观河、西坝河、船房河、采莲河、金家河、盘龙江、大青河、海河、六甲宝象河、小清河、五甲宝象河、虾坝河、老宝象河、新宝象河和马料河)污染状况严重程度>流域南部入湖河流(淤泥河、老柴河、白鱼河、茨巷河、东大河、中河和古城河)>流域东部入湖河流(洛龙河、捞鱼河和南冲河).

Characteristics of Macrozoobenthic Assemblages and Their Relationship with Aquatic Environmental Factors in Streams of Lake Dianchi Watershed in the Wet Season

The characteristics of macrozoobenthic assemblages and their relationship with aquatic environmental factors in the 29 streams of the Lake Dianchi (LD) watershed in the wet season were studied. Biosurveys of macrozoobenthic assemblages during July and August 2009, as well as 17 mensal aquatic physicochemical parameters from September 2008 to August 2009 were carried out at 29 sampling sites. The objectives were to demonstrate the characteristics of macrozoobenthic assemblages in streams of the LD watershed in the wet season, to identify the key aquatic environmental factors affecting these assemblages, and to investigate the relationship of spatial patterns between the Shannon-Weaver diversity index of the assemblages and the assessment of aquatic environmental quality. Results identified 3 divisions, 7 families, and 8 genera of macrozoobenthos, including 4 families and 5 genera of Annelida, 2 families and 2 genera of Mollusca, and 1 family and 1 genus of Arthropoda. Among these, Limnodrilus (Annelida), a tolerant species, was the dominant genus. TN, NH⁺₄-N, TP, and DO were the key aquatic environmental factors affecting the macrozoobenthic assemblages, respectively 2.03-32.00, 0.34-26.66, 0.09-3.20, and 0.10-6.80 mg/L. The spatial patterns of the Shannon-Weaver diversity index of macrozoobenthic assemblages and the assessments of aquatic environmental quality were both greatest in the streams flowing into the east LD (Luolonghe, Laoyuhe, and Nanchonghe rivers), followed by those flowing into the south LD (Yunihe, Laochaihe, Baiyuhe, Cixianghe, Dongdahe, Zhonghe and Guchenghe rivers), and least in those flowing into the north LD (Wangjiaduiqu, Xinyunlianghe, Laoyunlianghe, Wulonghe, Daguanhe, Xibahe, Chuanfanghe, Cailianhe, Jinjiahe, Panlongjiang, Daqinghe, Haihe, Liujiabaoxianghe, Xiaoqinghe, Wujiabaoxianghe, Xiabahe, Laobaoxianghe, Xinbaoxianghe, and Maliaohe rivers).