长江南京段水源水中有机磷酸酯的污染特征与风险评估

为探究长江南京段水源水中有机磷酸酯(organophosphate esters,OPEs)的污染特征、时空分布、生态风险和健康风险,利用固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定了13种OPEs.结果表明,除磷酸三(2,3-二溴丙基)酯外,其余12种OPEs均有不同程度的检出,总浓度范围为85. 21～1 557. 96 ng·L~(-1),氯代烷基磷酸酯是主要化合物,其中检出浓度最高的是磷酸三(2-氯乙基)酯tri(2-chloroethyl) phosphate,TCEP],高达447. 08 ng·L~(-1).长江南京段水源水中OPEs呈现明显的季节变化特征,夏季总检出浓度为220～1557. 96 ng·L~(-1),平均浓度是493. 78 ng·L~(-1),是春秋季的1. 7～2. 6倍.生态风险评估显示磷酸三甲苯酯和2-乙基己基二苯基磷酸酯对有机体(藻类,甲壳类动物和鱼类)具有中或高等风险.高暴露浓度下,OPEs的总非致癌风险为4. 41×10~(-3)～2. 91×10~(-2),均小于1,0～3个月的婴儿最高,总致癌风险值为5. 88×10~(-7)～3. 89×10~(-6),其中TCEP和磷酸三(1,3-二氯-2-丙基)酯对儿童有潜在的致癌风险.长江南京段水源水中OPEs对儿童的长期暴露风险需引起高度重视.

Occurrence and Risk Assessment of Organophosphate Esters in Source Water of the Nanjing Section of the Yangtze River

We explored the pollution characteristics, spatial and temporal distribution, ecological risk, and human health risk of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in the source water of the Nanjing section of the Yangtze River. Thirteen OPEs were determined by solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The results showed that twelve OPEs were detected to different extents with total concentrations ranging from 85.21 to 1557.96 ng·L^-1excluding tris (2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate]. Chloroalkyl phosphate was the main compound and tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) was the most abundant of the thirteen OPEs, which reached up to 447.08 ng·L^-1. Seasonal variation of OPEs showed that the concentrations of OPEs in summer ranged from 220-1557.96 ng·L^-1, with the average concentration of 493.78 ng·L^-1 being 1.7-2.6 times higher than of that in spring and autumn. An ecological risk assessment showed that tricresyl phosphate and 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate were associated with moderate or high risks to organisms (algae, crustaceans, and fish). At a high exposure concentration, the total non-carcinogenic risk of OPEs in source water ranged from 4.41×10^-3-2.91×10^-2, with the highest risk being associated with children aged 0-3 months. The total cancer risk value was 5.88×10^-7-3.89×10^-6, among which TCEP and Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate was associated with a potential risk for children. We conclude that the long-term exposure risk for children of OPEs in the source water of the Nanjing section of the Yangtze River deserve more attention.