抗生素类制药废水厌氧消化产物急性毒性的检测

为判断抗生素类制药废水厌氧消化产物对功能菌群自身的毒害作用,采用发光细菌法研究了制药废水中残留抗生素及厌氧消化中间产物的单独及联合毒性（15 min-IC50）.试验表明,厌氧消化中间产物乙醇、乙酸、丙酸和丁酸对发光杆菌的半抑制浓度（15 min-IC50）分别为19.40、20.71、10.47和12.17 g·L-1,其毒性大小顺序为：丙酸〉丁酸〉乙醇〉乙酸.不同类抗生素氨苄青霉素、卡那霉素、林可霉素和环丙沙星对发光杆菌的半抑制浓度分别为3.99、5.11、4.32和5.63 g·L-1,其毒性大小顺序为：氨苄青霉素〉林可霉素〉卡那霉素〉环丙沙星.厌氧消化中间产物,氨苄青霉素-厌氧消化中间产物,环丙沙星-厌氧消化产物对发光细菌的联合毒性呈相加作用;卡那霉素-厌氧消化中间产物、林可霉素-厌氧消化中间产物、4类抗生素与厌氧消化中间产物对发光细菌的联合毒性呈协同作用.研究结果表明,可使用发光细菌评价抗生素类制药废水厌氧消化处理的可行性,并为工程开发提供操作依据.

Acute Toxicity of Antibiotics and Anaerobic Digestion Intermediates in Pharmaceutical Wastewaters

In order to determine the toxicity of antibiotics and anaerobic digestion intermediates on anaerobic treatment of pharmaceutical wastewaters containing antibiotics, the single and joint toxicities of some antibiotics and intermediates to Photobacterium phosphoreum were tested by using the 15-min half inhibitory concentration (15 min-IC₅₀) at pH=7.00±0.05. The results showed that the 15 min-IC₅₀ of ethanol, acetate, propionate and butyrate were 19.40, 20.71, 10.47 and 12.17 g·L^-1, respectively, which indicated that the toxicity descended in the order of propionate, butyrate, ethanol and acetate. The 15 min-IC₅₀ of Amoxicillin, Kanamycin, Lincomycin and Ciprofloxacin were 3.99, 5.11, 4.32 and 5.63 g·L^-1, respectively, so the toxicity descended in the order of Amoxicillin, Lincomycin, Kanamycin and Ciprofloxacin. Using equal effect mixing method, the joint toxicity of four anaerobic digestion intermediates, the four intermediates together with Amoxicillin, Ciprofloxacin, Kanamycin, Lincomycin individually and all together were investigated, which demonstrated that the first three interactions were additive and the last three were synergistic. The observations have laid a foundation for control and optimization of anaerobic biotechnology for pharmaceutical wastewater containing antibiotics.