湖泊疏浚方式对内源释放影响的模拟研究

通过室内模拟试验,探讨不同疏浚方式对内源氮磷释放的影响以及不同湖区疏浚后氮磷释放的差异性.理想式疏浚和绞吸式疏浚沉积物磷的释放速率分别为未疏浚的20%和72%,并且A(内湾)湖区沉积物磷的释放速率是B(外湾)湖区的80%左右.理想式疏浚和绞吸式疏浚后沉积物氨氮的释放速率分别是抓斗式疏浚的40%和83%,但是这几种疏浚方式对氨氮的释放并没有达到理想的效果,在短期内对氨氮的释放甚至是起促进作用的,并且A湖区(内湾)氮的释放速率约是B湖区(外湾)的1.5倍,这应该看作是湖泊疏浚工程一个潜在的负作用.研究结果表明,理想式和绞吸式疏浚方式对内源释放有较好的控制作用,在外源输入得到有效控制的前提下,底泥疏浚可以作为湖泊沉积物污染修复的手段,并且结合目前的技术手段,在太湖的疏浚工程中应尽量选择绞吸式疏浚.

Simulation Research on the Release of Internal Nutrients Affected by Different Dredging Methods in Lake

A simulated experiment was carried out to study release features of internal source under different sediment dredging methods and the difference between two lake areas in Lake Taihu was also studied. The contaminated sediments were sampled from two sites in Meiliang Bay which were the Inner Bay(A) and the Outer Bay(B). Release rates of phosphorus after ideal dredging and suction dredging are about 20% and 72% of the control and the phosphorus release rate in Inner Bay(A) is about 80% of Outer Bay(B). Release rates of ammonia after ideal dredging and suction dredging are about 40% and 83% of the scallop dredging, but dredging process may even promote the release of ammonia in a short time, the ammonia release rate in Inner Bay(A) is about 150% higher than that in Outer Bay(B). Under the microcosm experiment condition, the ideal dredging method and the suction dredging method may have a better control of internal source in contrast with the scallop dredging. Altogether, sediment dredging may be a useful approach to decrease the release of internal source in the selected sites when the external nutrients are effectively controlled. Consider all kinds of dredging projects, the suction dredging should be the ideal option for sediment dredging in Lake Taihu.