森林生物质燃烧烟尘中的有机碳和元素碳

选取10种乔木制备风干树枝、新鲜树枝两种类型的样品,通过自制的生物质燃烧装置模拟阴、明燃两种燃烧方式燃烧制备的树枝样品,采集排放的烟尘,并使用DRI2001A热/光分析仪测定样品中的有机碳(OC)、元素碳(EC).结果表明,风干树枝明燃排放烟尘中OC的排放因子(EFOC)、EC的排放因子(EFEC)、PM的排放因子(EFPM)均值分别为6.8、2.1、16.5g·kg-1,阴燃排放烟尘中均值分别为57.5、11.1、130.9 g·kg-1;新鲜树枝明燃排放烟尘中EFOC、EFEC、EFPM均值分别为13.6、3.3、30.5 g·kg-1,阴燃排放烟尘中均值分别为57.6、9.6、125.6 g·kg-1.树枝(风干树枝、新鲜树枝)阴燃时EFOC、EFEC、EFPM均高于明燃时,在明燃(高温度)条件下含水率与树枝燃烧时EFOC、EFEC、EFPM是呈正相关关系.树枝燃烧烟尘中OC、EC、TC(TC=OC+EC)占PM的百分比约为45%、10%、55%,乔木树枝阴燃排放烟尘中OC的质量分数高于明燃,EC的质量分数低于明燃.新鲜树枝排放烟尘中OC的质量分数高于风干树枝,EC的质量分数低于风干树枝.风干树枝明燃条件下OC/EC的均值为3.3(2.5~5.2),阴燃条件下均值为5.2(4.3~6.3);新鲜树枝明燃条件下OC/EC的均值为4.1(3.1~5.3),阴燃条件下均值为6.2(4.2~8.4),乔木树枝阴燃时OC/EC的值高于明燃,含水率高的乔木树枝(新鲜树枝)燃烧排放烟尘中OC/EC的值高于含水率低的树枝(风干树枝).风干树枝燃烧烟尘中OC、EC的相关系数为0.985,新鲜树枝燃烧烟尘中OC、EC的相关系数为0.915,含水率不同的乔木树枝(风干树枝、新鲜树枝)在不同燃烧条件下(明燃、阴燃)排放烟尘中OC与EC都具有良好的相关性.

Organic Carbon and Elemental Carbon in Forest Biomass Burning Smoke

Ten kinds of trees were selected for preparing dry and wet stick samples. Concentrations of organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC) in particular matter produced by sticks samples in the flaming and smoldering were analyzed through the Thermal Optical Carbon Analyzer (Model 2001A).The results showed that mean values of OC (EF_OC), EC (EF_EC), PM (EF_PM) emission factors were 6.8, 2.1, 16.5 g·kg^-1 in the dry stick flaming smoke, 57.5, 11.1, 130.9 g·kg^-1 in the dry stick smoldering smoke, 13.6, 3.3, 30.5 g·kg^-1 in the wet stick flaming smoke, 57.6, 9.6, 125.6 g·kg^-1 in the wet stick smoldering smoke. Compared to the flaming condition, EF_OC, EF_EC, EF_PM were much higher in the smoldering condition. In the flaming condition, EF_OC, EF_EC, EF_PM had positive correlations with the moisture content. The mean values of OC/PM, EC/PM, TC/PM (TC=OC+EC) were 45%, 10%, 55%, and the mass fractions of OC was much higher in smoldering condition than those in flaming condition, but the mass fractions of EC was lower in the smoldering condition. Compared to dry sticks, the smoke of wet sticks combustion had higher mass fractions of OC and lower mass fractions of EC. The mean value of OC/EC was 3.3 (2.5-5.2) in the dry stick flaming smoke, and was 5.2 (4.3-6.3) in the dry stick smoldering smoke, in the wet stick flaming smoke was 4.1 (3.1-5.3), and was 6.2 (4.2-8.4) in the wet stick smoldering smoke. Compared to the flaming condition, the mean value of OC/EC was higher in the smoldering condition, and the mean value of OC/EC was much higher in high moisture content stick combustion smoke. The correlation coefficient between OC and EC was 0.985 in dry stick combustions, and was 0.915 in wet stick combustions. So, based on the flaming and smoldering condition, the correlation between OC and EC was significant in different moisture contents of sticks.