商陆和烟草对锰胁迫的抗氧化响应研究

研究植物的重金属累积能力对于植物修复和植物冶金意义重大.Mn超累积植物商陆(Phytolacca americana L.)的耐性/累积机制至今还不清楚,为了研究商陆在Mn胁迫下的抗氧化酶作用,将萌发6周的商陆和烟草幼苗分别放入1 mmol·L~(-1)或3 mmol·L~(-1)的1/2 Hoagland营养液处理4 d,实验表明商陆叶片光合速率降低幅度显著低于烟草,而烟草MDA含量和电解质渗漏量增加幅度大于商陆.如1 mmol·L~(-1) Mn处理4 d后,与对照相比,商陆和烟草的光合速率分别降低13.3%和75.5%;烟草MDA含量和电解质渗漏量分别增加347.3%和120.1%,而商陆的MDA含量和电解质渗漏量没有明显增加,表明Mn胁迫对超累积植物引起的氧化损伤明显低于非累积植物.随着Mn处理浓度的提高和时间的延长,2种植物叶片SOD和POD活性均迅速增加,其中商陆SOD活性的增加幅度大于烟草;另外,商陆CAT活性持续上升,而烟草CAT活性显著下降.如在1 mmol·L~(-1) Mn处理下,商陆SOD、POD和CAT活性分别提高161.1%、 111.3%和17.5%;烟草SOD和POD提高55.5%和206.0%,而CAT下降15.6%,表明商陆的抗氧化酶,特别是CAT,能够有效地清除Mn毒产生的自由基.这些结果说明抗氧化酶的抗氧化能力是重金属累积植物商陆的Mn耐性机制之一.

Antioxidative Response of Phytolacca americana and Nicotiana tabacum to Manganese Stresses

Plant species capable of accumulating heavy metals are of considerable interest for phytoremediation and phytomining. The mechanism of Mn tolerance/hyperaccumulate in Phytolacca americana L. is less known. To elucidate the role of antioxidative enzyme in response to Mn, the 6-week-old seedling of Mn hyperaccumulator P. americana and non-accumulator-tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) were exposed to half strength Hoagland solution with 1 mmol·L~(-1) or 3 mmol·L~(-1) MnCl_2 for 4 days. The photosynthetic rate in P. americana decreased more slowly than that in tobacco, while the MDA content and electrolyte leakage in tobacco increased more rapidly than that in P. americana. For example, after exposure to 1 mmol·L~(-1) Mn for 4 days, the photosynthetic rates of P. americana and tobacco in comparison to the control reduced by 13.3% and 75.5%, respectively. The MDA content and electrolyte leakage in tobacco increased by 347.3% and 120.1%, respectively, whereas Mn had no marked effect on both of it in P. americana, indicated that the oxidative damage in tobacco was more serious than that in P. americana. The activities of SOD and POD of both species increased rapidly with elevated Mn concentration and exposure time in both species, the increase of SOD activity in P. americana was higher than that in tobacco. CAT activity in tobacco declined rapidly, while the activity of CAT in P. americana was increased. The activities of SOD, POD and CAT in P. americana upon 1 mmol·L~(-1) Mn exposure increased by 161.1%, 111.3% and 17.5%, respectively. The activities of SOD and POD in tobacco increased by 55.5% and 206.0%, respectively, while CAT activity decreased by 15.6%, indicating that the antioxidative enzymes in P. americana,particularly in CAT,could fully scavenge the reactive oxygen species generated by Mn toxicity. These results collectively indicate that the enzymatic antioxidation capacity is one of the important mechanisms responsible for Mn tolerance in hyperaccumulator plant species.