填埋垃圾浸提液与地下水污染物组成差异及成因

为揭示垃圾渗滤液污染地下水特征,采用常规分析、三维荧光光谱和多元统计分析,研究了某简易填埋场垃圾浸提液与地下水中无机盐、有机物及重金属的分布特征及成因.结果表明,填埋场垃圾异质性强,浸提液中NH+4-N浓度高,而Cl-、SO2-4、溶解性有机物(DOM)、重金属含量低,强还原氛围导致硝化过程受阻,NO-3-N、NO-2-N含量低,浸提液中Cu主要结合在DOM上,而Ba、Cd、Cr、Fe、Mn、Ni、Zn及As主要结合在疏水性有机物上.除填埋场所在点地下水外,其余点地下水污染物来源相似,其中的DOM以微生物来源为主;与垃圾浸提液中污染物分布特征相反,地下水中NH+4-N含量低而Cl-、SO2-4、DOM、NO-3-N、NO-2-N含量高,Cu、Ba、Cd、Fe、Mn及Ni的分布与DOM有关,主要结合在荧光有机物上.研究结果显示,基于地下水中污染物组成差异,采用聚类分析方法可识别出地下水受渗滤液污染点.

Difference of Contaminant Composition Between Landfill Leachates and Groundwater and Its Reasons

In order to investigate the groundwater pollution by landfill leachates, the distribution characteristics of inorganic salt, organic compounds and heavy metals in leachastes from a simple landfill and groundwater and its reason were study using conventional analysis, fluorescence excitation-emission matrix spectra and multivariate statistical analysis. The results showed that the landfill was heterogeneous, and the extracts from the landfill wastes showed a high concentration of NH₄⁺-N, but low contents of Cl^-, SO₄^2-, dissolved organic matter (DOM) and heavy metals. The nitrification process was blocked due to a strong reducing atmosphere in landfill, which caused a low concentration of NO₃^--N and NO₂^--N in leachates. Cu was mainly associated with DOM in leachates, while the distribution of the metals Ba, Cd, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Zn and As was primarily related to hydrophobic organic compounds. The contaminate compositions in different groundwater were similar except for the groundwater under the landfill site. In contrast to landfill leachates, the groundwater showed a low concentration of NH₄⁺-N, but high concentrations of Cl^-, SO₄^2-, DOM, NO₃^--N and NO₂^--N except for the groundwater under the landfill site. The organic compounds in the groundwater were mainly originated from microbial activity, and the distribution of the metals Ba, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn and Ni was mainly related to fluorescecent organic matter in DOM. The results showed that the leak point of landfill leachates can be identified through the cluster analysis method on the basis of the contaminant composition in groundwater.