珠江三角洲地区硫和氮沉降临界负荷研究

通过实地采集土壤样品和测量其矿物组成,收集植被和大气沉降等数据,应用稳态质量平衡(SMB)法和ArcGIS,计算得到了珠江三角洲地区硫沉降和氮沉降临界负荷及其超临界负荷.结果表明,珠江三角洲地区当前硫沉降临界负荷呈现东高西低的态势,高值区分布于惠州大部、广州中北部、东莞和中山南部地区,其临界负荷值大于15.0 keq·(hm2·a)-1;低值区包括江门大部、肇庆大部和深圳部分地区,其临界负荷值小于2.0 keq·(hm2·a)-1.氮沉降临界负荷在1.0~2.5 keq·(hm2·a)-1范围,小于1.0 keq·(hm2·a)-1出现在肇庆等地区.当前硫沉降超过临界负荷的区域较少,但大部分区域氮沉降超过了其临界负荷;未来随着大气颗粒物浓度的降低硫沉降临界负荷将下降,将出现大片硫超临界负荷区.因此,当前珠江三角洲地区应加大氮沉降控制的力度,未来在控制大气颗粒物的同时应特别注重硫沉降的协调控制.

Study on Critical Loads of Sulfur and Nitrogen in the Pearl River Delta

Supported by the geographical information system (ArcGIS), critical loads and exceedances of critical loads of sulfur and nitrogen in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) were calculated using Steady-state Mass Balance method with current deposition data, vegetation data and soil data obtained by field sampling and laboratory analysis. Results showed that the present critical loads of sulfur were high in the eastern PRD and low in the west. Higher critical loads occurred in most of Huizhou, north-central Guangzhou, Dongguan and south Zhongshan. The critical loads of these regions were mostly larger than 15 keq·(hm²·a)^-1. Regions with lower critical loads included most of Jiangmen, most of Zhaoqing and part of Shenzhen with critical loads less than 2 keq·(hm²·a)^-1. Critical loads of nitrogen were mainly in the range of 1.0-2.5 keq·(hm²·a)^-1 while values lower than 1.0 keq·(hm²·a)^-1 were found in Zhaoqing. According to the results of critical load exceedances, in several regions the sulfur deposition exceeded the critical loads whereas in most regions the nitrogen deposition exceeded the critical loads. With the reduction of particulate concentrations in atmosphere in the future, critical loads of sulfur would decrease and sulfur depositions in most regions would exceed their critical loads. Therefore, the control over nitrogen deposition should be strengthened in the present situation and special attention should be paid to the control of sulfur deposition with the reduction of particulate concentrations in the future.