上海市郊工业区附近蔬菜中重金属分布及其健康风险

分析比较上海市郊工业区附近露天蔬菜样品清洗前后Cd、Zn、Pb、Cu、Hg和As含量,并利用目标危害商数对蔬菜可食部分进行健康风险评价.结果表明,清洗蔬菜样品中Cd、Zn、Pb、Cu、Hg和As的平均含量(以鲜重计)分别为0.023、4.444、0.112、0.826、0.004、0.094 mg·kg~(-1).苋菜对于重金属Cd、Zn、Pb和Cu的富集能力最大,而杭白菜对重金属Hg和As的富集能力最强.不同重金属在空间分布特征上没有表现出显著性差异.食用蔬菜前进行清洗可一定程度上降低摄食蔬菜导致的重金属危害风险.健康风险评价结果表明,As元素对TTHQ的贡献率均达到了55%以上,其余元素THQ均小于1,长期食用可能造成As健康风险.食用相同的蔬菜,儿童的健康风险高于成人.

Distribution Characteristics and Health Risk for Heavy Metals in Vegetables Near the Industrial Areas in Shanghai

The concentrations of Cd, Zn, Pb, Cu, Hg, and As in vegetables collected from the industrial areas in suburban Shanghai were analyzed before and after washing. Results showed that the average concentrations (fresh weight) of Cd, Zn, Pb, Cu, Hg, and As in washed vegetables were 0.023, 4.444, 0.112, 0.826, 0.004, and 0.094 mg·kg^-1, respectively. Amaranth accumulated the highest Cd, Zn, Pb, and Cu, while pakchoi accumulated the highest Hg and As. There was no significant difference of heavy metals between different sites. Washing vegetables prior to cooking reduced the health risk for heavy metals related to the consumption of vegetables. A health risk evaluation indicated that more than 55% of the Total Target Hazard Quotient (TTHQ) came from As, while the other elements contributed less than 1, indicating that the health risk from vegetable consumption was mainly caused by As. Children have higher health risks than adults when eating the same vegetables.