典型集雨人饮地区窖水微生物群落多样性及差异解析

为阐释我国典型集雨饮水地区窖水水质自然变化机制,应用16S rRNA基因-Illumina Mi Seq高通量测序技术,对以庭院为组织单元、不同类型集流面和水窖组合模式构建的集雨水源地水体中微生物群落及功能多样性差异进行了研究,表明窖水微生物群落结构及其功能存在显著的差异,造成这种差异的主要因素是窖水内部环境因子、外部环境因子等的异质性.窖水微生物群落结构多样性差异呈现大量的稀有种和少数常见优势种的分布模式,不同类型集流面和水窖组合模式构建的集雨水源地水体中含有不同的显著差异性微生物类群;微生物群落功能多样性差异体现在:编码新陈代谢功能的基因序列与其他功能基因序列相比具有显著的优势性,氨基酸、碳水化物、能量、脂类、辅助因子和维生素、萜类和酮类化合物、核苷酸、多糖的合成与代谢、外来物质的降解与代谢是构成新陈代谢功能的主要基因序列类群,表明窖水中存在大量、具有相对特定生态功能的微生物进行着诸多活跃的与新陈代谢相关活动.研究认为混凝土集流面与混凝土水窖组合模式用于收集和贮存雨水,水质更好、更安全.研究结果加深了对窖水微生物群落结构和多样性的认识,为开展集雨窖水水源地优选及改善窖水水质提供了借鉴.

Microbial Community Diversity and Differences in Cellar water of Typical Rainwater Harvesting Area

In order to explore the natural change mechanisms for cellar water quality for typical rainwater harvesting and drinking water surfaces in China, the MiSeq high-throughput sequencing method was used to study the differences between characteristics of microbial communities and functional diversity regarding collecting and making use of rainwater. This is achieved through constructing combined modes of different types of catchment areas and water-storing cellars. The results of this study show that there is significant differences in microbial community structure and function. The main factors causing this difference are heterogeneity of internal and external environmental factors regarding cellar water. The diversity of microbial community structures in cellar water show patterns of a large number of rare species and few common species. There are different significant microbial communities at different water points. The differences in the functional diversity of microbial communities shows that gene sequences that encode metabolic functions have significant advantages over other functional gene sequences, and amino acid, carbohydrate, lipid, energy, vitamin, terpenoid and polyketide, nucleotide, and glycan metabolism, as well as the biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites, are the main functional groups that compose metabolic function. This shows that there are a large number of microorganisms with relatively specific ecological functions in cellar water and many active metabolic activities are involved. Cellar water quality can be improved through combined modes of concrete collecting surfaces and water-storing cellars for collection and storage of rainwater. The results of the study aim to deepen the understanding of cellar water microbial community structures and diversity to be used as a reference for improving water quality and selecting the water surfaces for rainwater harvesting.