辽河流域地表水中典型抗生素污染特征及生态风险评估

利用固相萃取和高效液相色谱-质谱相串联法检测分析辽河流域地表水中5类典型抗生素的污染特征并评估其生态风险.结果表明,辽河流域地表水中抗生素平均浓度大环内酯类最高201.88 ng·L~(-1);其次是喹诺酮类124.27 ng·L~(-1),甲氧苄氨嘧啶113.40 ng·L~(-1),磺胺类93.93 ng·L~(-1),四环素类最低仅为24.37 ng·L~(-1);大辽河水系抗生素污染水平要高于辽河水系;来源解析结果显示人用抗生素所占比例最高为49.1%.抗生素甲氧苄胺嘧啶和脱水红霉素生态风险较高,新民市、沈阳市和鞍山市为流域内抗生素的高风险区域,风险评估结果表明辽河流域地表水已存在一定的生态风险,应引起足够的重视并控制其危害.

Occurrence, Distribution, and Ecological Risk of Antibiotics in Surface Water in the Liaohe River Basin, China

The pollution and ecological risk characteristics of five typical antibiotics found in the surface water of the Liaohe River Basin (LRB) were analyzed and evaluated using solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. These results showed that macrolides have the highest average concentration of all antibiotics in the surface water of the LRB of 201.88 ng·L^-1, followed by quinolones, trimethoprim, and sulfonamides with average concentrations of 113.40 ng·L^-1, 93.93 ng·L^-1, and 124.27 ng·L^-1, respectively. Tetracycline demonstrated the lowest concentration at 24.37 ng·L^-1. In addition, antibiotics pollution of the Daliao River is clearly identified as being higher than that of the Liaohe River, and the highest proportion of antibiotic pollution (49.1%) is found to come from human use according to a source apportionme0nt analysis. Relatively high levels of ecological risk are identified from Trimethoprim and Erythromycin-H₂O concentrations, especially for cities such as Xinmin, Shenyang, and Anshan. The risk assessment indicates that surface water of the LRB faces high ecological risk and argues for greater attention to be paid to risk management and pollution controls.