闽西南土壤-水稻系统重金属生物可给性及健康风险

结合简单的生物可给性提取法（SBET）与健康风险评价模型，研究了闽西南农田土壤-水稻系统中重金属的生物可给性及健康风险.结果表明，闽西南农田土壤和稻米中部分重金属已存在富集.土壤中Cd、Zn、Pb和Cu含量分别在32.4%、15.5%、14.1%和12.7%的区域超过农用地土壤污染风险筛选值（GB 15618-2018）.研究区稻米从土壤中富集重金属的能力为Cd > Zn > Cu > Ni > Hg > As > Cr > Pb.土壤和稻米中各重金属的生物可给性差异较大，且稻米中各重金属的生物可给性均大于土壤中对应重金属的生物可给性，稻米中重金属相对于土壤更容易被人体吸收.重金属对成人和儿童的综合非致癌风险指数（HI）分别为2.71和4.06，可能存在非致癌风险；重金属对成人和儿童的综合致癌风险指数（TCR）分别为1.42×10^-3和5.28×10^-4，可能存在致癌风险.非致癌风险主要由As贡献，而致癌风险主要由Cd贡献.重金属对儿童的非致癌风险高于成人，而致癌风险低于成人，可能与生理特征、暴露期限和饮食摄入量等有关.通过食物经口摄入可能是该地区土壤-水稻系统中重金属产生健康风险的主要途径，在重金属健康风险管理中应重点关注饮食暴露途径的风险.

Bioaccessibility and Health Risks of the Heavy Metals in Soil-Rice System of Southwest Fujian Province

The bioaccessibility and health risks of heavy metals in soil-rice system of southwestern Fujian province were studied by combining a simple bioavailability extraction method (SBET) with a health risk assessment model. The results showed that some heavy metals in the agricultural soils and rice of southwestern Fujian province were enriched. The contents of Cd, Zn, Pb, and Cu were greater than the screening value of soil pollution risk for agricultural land (GB 15618-2018) by 32.4%, 15.5%, 14.1%, and 12.7% in the study areas, respectively. The accumulation ability of heavy metals was different and followed the approximately decreasing order of Cd > Zn > Cu > Ni > Hg > As > Cr > Pb. The bioaccessibility of heavy metals in soils and rice were quite different. The bioaccessibility of each heavy metal in rice was greater than the bioaccessibility of the heavy metals in soil, which indicated that the heavy metals in rice were more easily absorbed by the human body. The comprehensive non-carcinogenic risk index (HI) of heavy metals to adults and children was 2.71 and 4.06, respectively, indicating that there were non-carcinogenic risks. The comprehensive carcinogenic risk index (TCR) of heavy metals to adults and children was 1.42×10^-3 and 5.28×10^-4, respectively, indicating that there was a carcinogenic risk present. The non-carcinogenic risks were mainly due to As, while the carcinogenic risks were mainly contributed by Cd. The non-carcinogenic risk of children was higher than that of adults, while the carcinogenic risk of children was lower than that of adults. This result may be related to physiological characteristics, exposure period, and dietary intake. The dietary intake route may be the main pathway for heavy metals in the soil-rice system of southwest Fujian province to cause health risks. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the risks of dietary exposure in the risk management of heavy metals.