辣椒果实高中低镉积型对镉的富集、转运特性及在亚细胞分布特点比较

基于前期试验对91个辣椒品种资源筛选并开展了26个辣椒品种全生育期土培试验基础上，挑选出1个辣椒果实高积Cd品种（X15）、1个果实中积Cd品种（X39）和2个果实低积Cd品种（X45和X55），采用盆栽试验结合室内分析研究了在0、5和10 mg·kg^-1 Cd胁迫下辣椒果实不同积Cd型对Cd的富集、转运及积累特性，以及镉在辣椒体内的化学形态和在亚细胞的分布特点.5 mg·kg^-1和10mg·kg^-1Cd胁迫对辣椒地上部生长有抑制作用，但促进了品种X15、X45和X55根系生长.Cd在辣椒果实的主要形态为活性较低的氯化钠提取态和醋酸提取态.辣椒根、叶和果实中亚细胞组分Cd含量大小顺序为细胞质 > 细胞壁 > 细胞器.在茎中亚细胞Cd含量大小顺序为细胞壁 > 细胞质 > 细胞器.Cd在亚细胞的区隔化对镉胁迫下辣椒抗性起着重要作用.在5 mg·kg^-1和10mg·kg^-1Cd胁迫下，茎和叶Cd含量在品种间大小顺序为X39 > X15 > X55 > X45，果实Cd含量大小顺序为X15 > X39 > X55 > X45；品种X15根系Cd含量在供试4个辣椒品种中最小，但其果实Cd含量最大；品种X39根、茎和叶Cd含量为供试4个辣椒品种中最高，但其果实Cd含量低于品种X15.果实中Cd含量取决于Cd向地上部转运能力和Cd在地上部再分配能力共同作用.

Comparison of Enrichment and Transport of Cadmium in the Fruit of High and Low Enrichment Pepper Varieties and Its Distribution in Subcells

Peppers are a high Cd-enriched vegetable. On the basis of a preliminary screening experiment of 91 pepper varieties and soil culture experiments during the entire growth period of 26 varieties, a high Cd variety (X15), medium Cd variety (X39), and two low varieties (X45 and X55) were selected to study the effect of different cadmium levels (0, 5, and 10 mg·kg^-1 Cd) on enrichment, transport, and accumulation as well as its subcellular distribution and chemical form. Based on the results, 5 mg·kg^-1 and 10 mg·kg^-1 of Cd inhibited shoot dry weights of four pepper varieties but increased the root dry weights of X15, X45, and X55 varieties. Sodium chloride-bound cadmium and acetate-bound cadmium are the main forms of cadmium in the pepper fruits. Subcellular cadmium concentrations in the roots, leaves, and fruits of pepper plants were ranked in order cytoplasm > cell wall > organelle, and in the stems the order was cell wall > cytoplasm > organelle. Cd compartmentalization plays an important role in pepper resistance to cadmium stress. Under dosages of 5 mg·kg^-1 Cd and 10 mg·kg^-1 Cd, Cd concentrations in stems and leaves were ranked in order X39 > X15 > X55 > X45, with fruit Cd concentrations ranked in order X15 > X39 > X55 > X45. The Cd concentration was lowest in the roots of X15 whereas this variety has the highest concentrations in its fruit. The Cd concentrations in the roots, stems, and leaves of X39 were the highest among the four varieties whereas the concentration in the fruit was lower than in the X15 variety. The concentration of Cd in pepper fruits depends on the Cd transport capacity redistribution ability to the shoots.