哈尔滨市大气气相中多环芳烃的研究

在哈尔滨地区8个采样点同时安装了PUF大气被动采样器,研究了该地区2007年春季(1月末~4月末)大气气相中多环芳烃的含量和分布特征.结果表明,PUF大气被动采样器主要采集了大气气相中三环和四环的多环芳烃,占总量的91.22%~96.37%,PAHs的浓度具有明显的功能区差异,依次为:市区(356.49 ng/d),郊区(162.65 ng/d),农村(278.35 ng/d),偏远地区(183.99 ng/d),市区大气中多环芳烃的浓度是农村的2倍,偏远地区的3倍.污染源是影响大气中多环芳烃含量高低的主要因素,通过特征分子含量比值法对该地区大气中多环芳烃的来源进行了初步研究,结果表明,哈尔滨地区城市大气中多环芳烃主要来自于燃煤,农村大气中的多环芳烃主要来自于农作物秸秆的燃烧.利用毒性当量因子法对该地区大气气相中多环芳烃的健康风险进行了评价,具有与浓度分布类似的功能区差异,表明市区和农村地区大气中PAHs对于人们的健康存在较大潜在威胁.通过安装平行采样器,PUF被动采样器具有很好的重现性,研究表明,可以用于城市尺度多个采样点大气中多环芳烃的同时研究.

Gaseous Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Harbin Air

Polyurethane foam passive air samplers (PUF PAS) were fixed at eight sampling sites in Harbin Region concurrently to research atmospheric concentration and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Spring of 2007 (January to April). Results showed that the PUF PAS mostly absorbed the 3-4 ring PAHs, which accounted for 91.22%-96.37% comparing to total concentration. Total PAHs concentration had obvious area difference from urban to remote areas, such as 356.49 ng/d for urban, 162.65 ng/d for suburban, 278.35 ng/d for rural and 183.99 ng/d for background, with ratios of urban atmospheric concentration to rural concentration more than 2, three times higher than that of remote area. The atmospheric concentration was significantly affected by sources. Sources of PAHs in air of Harbin Region were investigated by diagnostic ratios, which indicated that coal and biofuel combustion were the main sources of PAHs in air of urban and rural area, respectively. The toxic equivalence factor (TEF) was used for health risk assessment, with similar area difference to concentration distribution, which implying bigger potential heath risk for urban and rural people than other areas. Good reproducibility of PUF passive air sampler was confirmed by one pair of passive samplers deployed at an urban site. The results of the study demonstrated the capability of PUF PAS to monitor atmospheric PAHs in a city scale at the same time.