深圳市沿岸表层海水中全氟化合物的残留特征及其分布规律

为探究深圳市沿海岸表层海水中全氟化合物（perfluorinated chemicals,PFCs）的残留特征及其分布规律,应用固相萃取分离、富集与高效液相色谱-质谱联用相结合的方法,研究了深圳市沿海岸18处表层海水中15种PFCs的残留特征、分布规律及其成因.结果表明,深圳沿海岸表层海水中PFCs总的残留水平（ΣPFCs）受人类活动影响显著,位于珠江和东宝河入海口下方的西部沿岸表层海水中PFCs残留显著高于开发程度轻、人口稀疏的东部沿岸（P〈0.05）;而自然条件下,表层海水中ΣPFCs残留呈湾内高于湾外的规律.沿海岸表层海水中PFCs的主要残留种态为中、短链的全氟辛烷磺酸（perfluorooctanesulfonate,PFOS）、全氟辛酸、全氟己酸和全氟戊酸,其相似的环境行为（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）可能与PFCs相关产品的生产过程有关;聚类分析结果进一步显示,PFOS（R2=0.409 2）残留可作为评价深圳沿海岸表层海水中PFCs污染状况的典型参数.

Residue Characteristics and Distributions of Perfluorinated Compounds in Surface Seawater Along Shenzhen Coastline

In order to explore the residue characteristics and distributions of 15 perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in 18 surface seawater samples along Shenzhen coastline, high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) combined with solid phase extraction enrichment was applied in this research. The results indicated that residue level of PFCs in coastal surface seawater samples was significantly affected by human activities. Sigma PFCs residue levels in surface seawater from Shenzhen west coast, which locates below the estuary of Pearl River and Donghao River, are much higher than those from the east coast, which has low development and sparse population (P<0.05). Under natural conditions, sigma PFCs residue levels in coastal surface seawater samples from Shenzhen Bays are higher than those out of bays. The major residue species in surface seawater samples along Shenzhen coast were medium- and short-chain PFCs, including perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexanoic acid and perfluoropentanoic acid. Their similar environmental behavior (P<0.05, P<0.01) is likely associated with the production process of PFCs-related products. Furthermore, cluster analysis results show that PFOS (R2 = 0.4092) level can be used as a representative parameter for evaluating PFCs contamination status in surface seawater along Shenzhen coast.