云蒙湖流域土地利用变化对非点源氮污染负荷的影响

以临沂市水源地云蒙湖流域为研究区域,利用人工模拟降雨实验,结合输出系数模型获取流域内各土地利用类型氮素输出系数,在GIS和RS支持下,分析近25年来土地利用变化对非点源污染氮素负荷时空变化的影响.结果表明,1986、1995与2010年非点源污染氮素负荷分别为3.77×103、4.45×103、5.5×103t,呈上升趋势;从土地利用类型来看,耕地非点源污染TN逐年增加,其贡献率也逐年增加,贡献率由1986年的80.11%,1995年82.60%上升至2010年85.59%,林地、草地TN变化较小,贡献率呈减小趋势,居民用地TN增加幅度大,但由于面积较小,其贡献率较小;就子流域而言,耕地面积比例高的子流域,氮素污染负荷增加程度较大;流域耕地与氮素负荷呈显著正相关,对氮产出负荷起＂源＂作用,林地、草地与氮素负荷量呈负相关,对氮产出负荷起＂汇＂作用.因而,可通过调整土地利用结构以减少和控制流域氮流失对水体环境的污染.

Impact of the Land-use Change on the Non-point Source Nitrogen Load in Yunmeng Lake Watershed

Take potable water sources in Linyi City Yunmeng Lake watershed as a case study, it obtains the nutrient export coefficient of land use by the export coefficient model and simulative rainfall experiment. On the basis of GIS and RS, it analyses the effect of the non-point source (NPS) pollution load because of the land-use change during the past 25 years. The result indicates that the TN increased from 3.77×10³ t in 1986, to 4.45×10³ t in 1995, to 5.5×10³ t in 2010; As far as land-use type is concerned, the TN from farm-land increased year by year, the contribution rate is 80.11% in 1986, 82.60% in 1995 and 85.59% in 2010, the forest-land and the grass-land load have a little change, but the contribution rate decreased gradually, the residential load increased by a large margin, however, the contribution rate is very little. As for the sub-basin, the higher the proportion of the farm-land is, the more the TN load increased. There is a significant positive correlation between the farm-land and the nitrogen (TN) load, so the farm-land is the sources of the nitrogen. Conversely, there are negative correlations between the forest-land, grass-land and the TN load; therefore, the forest-land and grass-land are the sinks of the nitrogen. Therefore, it can adjust the land-use structure to reduce and control the TN loss to water environmental pollution.