高浓度Vc生产废水培养好氧颗粒污泥的试验研究

采用高浓度难降解的Vc生产废水可以在SBR反应器中培养出好氧颗粒污泥.转化母液反应器中污泥实现完全颗粒化，得到的好氧颗粒污泥粒径为0.2～1 mm，平均沉降速度为31.2 m·h^－１；精制或提取母液反应器中污泥部分颗粒化，得到的颗粒粒径为0.5～2.5 mm，平均沉降速度为26.3 m·h^－１.由于形成好氧颗粒污泥，反应器系统表现出良好的运行性能，在进水COD 1 000～1 500　mg·L^－１时去除率达到80%左右.如果反应器进水中补充加入一定浓度的易降解有机物，处理系统的去除效率还可进一步提高并能缩短启动时间.通过观察和比较不同进水反应器中的生物相发现，好氧颗粒污泥中出现的原后生动物种类及生物相丰富程度不仅与反应器运行状态有关，更重要的是取决于反应器中的进水水质.实验中好氧颗粒污泥的形成过程经历了污泥复活、污泥驯化和污泥颗粒化3个阶段.在运行控制过程中通过将沉降时间作为培养好氧颗粒污泥的一个关键控制参数，它既可以去除反应器中沉降性差的污泥还可以在短时间内调节反应器中的运行负荷，从而促进反应器中好氧污泥快速实现颗粒化.

Experimental Investigation of Aerobic Granule Cultivation in High Strength Vc Wastewater

Aerobic granular sludge was cultivated in sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) fed with high strength and refractory real Vc wastewater. In the reactor treated transformation residues, it was achieved a completely aerobic granulation, and the sludge was 0.2-1 mm in diameter, average settling velocity 31.2 m x h(-1). In another reactor treated refinery or extracted residue, partially granular formation was reached, and the sludge was 0.5-2.5 mm in diameter, average settling velocity 26.3 m x h(-1). The formation of good aerobic granules contributed a good operational property. When influent COD was 1,000-1,500 mg x L(-1), COD removal efficiency was maintained approximately 80%. It could be improved better by adding biodegradable organic matters in feed. Through microscopic observation of sludge from two different reactors, the protozoa and biodiversity of microorganisms in reactors were determined not only by the operational parameters, but also by the influent composition. The granulation process in the experiment was proceeded through three stages, i. e. sludge activation phase, acclimatization phase and aerobic granulation phase. In operation control, the settling-time was used as the key factor for the formation of aerobic granules, which could decant the flocculent sludge and regulate the organic loading, and eventually promote the granulation process.