植被缓冲带径流渗流水量分配及氮磷污染物去除定量化研究

利用构建的缓冲带现场试验基地和设计的径流流量测定装置,对植被缓冲带滞缓径流和农田氮磷污染物去除能力开展定量化试验研究.结果表明,植被缓冲带有效滞缓了径流速度,并显著提高了缓冲带土壤的水力渗透能力,19m长的百慕大、高羊茅、白花三叶草缓冲带径流出水时间分别是空白对照的2.46倍、1.72倍和2.03倍,渗流水量分别是空白对照的3.01倍、2.16倍和2.45倍;植被缓冲带能有效去除农田径流氮磷污染物,百慕大、高羊茅、白花三叶草缓冲带对NH4+-N、TN、TP的总去除率分别比空白对照提高了237%、268%和274%;植被缓冲带渗流对氮磷污染物的去除能力显著高于径流,渗流水量越大,缓冲带氮磷污染物的总去除率和单位面积去除负荷越高,试验各植被缓冲带TN、NH4+-N、TP渗流去除量与径流去除量的比值分别达到2.79、2.02和2.83.

Quantification Study on the Runoff and Seepage Distribution and N, P Pollutants Removal of the Vegetated Buffer Strips

By using the constructed buffer strips test base and the runoff hydrometric devices, a research on stagnant runoff and nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) pollutants removal capacity of the vegetated buffer strips was conducted. The results show that the vegetated buffer strips might reduce the speed of runoff significantly and improve the hydraulic permeability of soil. The runoff water output time of 19 m buffer strips planted with Cynodon dactylon, Festuca arundinacea and Trifolium repens are 2.46, 1.72 and 2.03 times higher than the control (no vegetation) respectively; The seepage water quantity of three vegetation buffer strips are 3.01, 2.16 and 2.45 times higher than the control respectively as well. Total removal efficiency of the three buffer strips increase about 237%, 268% and 274% comparing with the control respectively. The N, P removal capacity of seepage is significantly higher than that of the runoff, the larger seepage water quantity will cause higher N, P total removal efficiency and removal loads of unit area. With different vegetated buffer strips, the TN, NH⁺₄-N, TP removal ratio of seepage and runoff are 2.79, 2.02 and 2.83 respectively.