黄河兰州段城市河道表层沉积物重金属空间分布特征及来源解析

为研究黄河流域城市河道表层沉积物重金属污染特征和来源，以黄河兰州段为研究区，采集46个表层沉积物样品并测定了重金属Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Hg和Pb的含量.分别采用单因子污染指数(P_i)、地累积指数(I_geo)和沉积物污染指数(SPI)对这8种重金属污染特征和生态风险进行了评估，并利用相关性分析方法(CA)、正定矩阵因子分解法(PMF)和主成分分析/绝对主成分分数法(PCA/APCS)相结合的手段解析了表层沉积物中重金属的来源.结果表明，表层沉积物重金属平均含量除As之外，其余7种重金属的平均含量均高于兰州市和甘肃省土壤元素背景值；空间上，各重金属元素含量高值集中于河道拐弯处；单因子污染指数和地累积指数结果均表明，表层沉积物以Cr污染为主，Cd和Ni污染次之；沉积物污染指数结果表明，重金属生态风险等级为自然-低风险级别.研究区表层沉积物中Cr、Ni、Zn、As、Cd和Pb等重金属的主要来源为工农业混合源、自然源以及工业和交通活动复合源，贡献率分别为77.6%、11.4%和11%.

Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Source Analysis of Heavy Metals in Urban River Surface Sediments from the Lanzhou Reach of the Yellow River

In order to investigate the contamination characteristics and potential sources of heavy metals from the urban river surface sediments in the Yellow River Basin, we selected the Lanzhou reach of the Yellow River as the object of investigation. A total of 46 surface sediment samples were collected along the Lanzhou reach of the Yellow River, and the contents of eight heavy metals, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Hg, and Pb, were determined by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and an atomic fluorescence spectrometer. Contamination indexes including single factor pollution index (P_i) and geo-accumulation index (I_geo), together with the sediment pollution index (SPI), were used to assess heavy metal pollution characteristics and ecological risk levels in the urban river surface sediments of the Lanzhou reach of the Yellow River. Pearson''s correlation analysis (CA), positive matrix factorization (PMF), and principal component analysis/absolute principal component score (PCA/APCS) were jointly employed to quantitatively analyze pollution sources of heavy metals. The results showed that the mean concentrations of the majority of heavy metals exceeded their corresponding background values of Gansu Province and Lanzhou City with the exception of As, and the spatial distribution of high concentrations of heavy metals was mainly concentrated in the corner of the river. Based on the single factor pollution and geo-accumulation indexes of the eight heavy metals, in the Lanzhou reach of the Yellow River, Cr was the dominant pollution element in the urban river surface sediments, followed by Cd and Ni. Additionally, the SPI values for the eight heavy metals in the surface sediments ranged from 0.48 to 8.56, presenting natural to low ecological risk level. Furthermore, source apportionment revealed that a mixture source of industrial and agricultural activities (77.6%) was the largest contributor of Cr, Ni, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb in the urban river surface sediments, followed by natural sources (11.4%) and a mixed source of industrial and traffic activities (11%).