南京仙林新市区土地利用结构与格局对湿地水环境氮、磷影响研究

以南京仙林新市区典型湿地为例,综合考虑湿地生态系统特点及其集水区内土地利用情况,根据湿地受城市化影响程度,将10个典型城市湿地分为农村型、城郊型和城市型三大类,采用RDA分析方法,研究城市湿地氮、磷与不同土地利用类型和格局的相互关系.结果表明:1农村型湿地水质最好,城郊型次之,而城市型湿地水质明显劣于农村型与城郊型.2各类型湿地TP、TN浓度均表现为湿季大于干季特征.其中,农村型与城郊型湿地TP浓度干湿季差异较城市型明显;而TN浓度干湿季节变化则呈现相反规律.3湿地水质受到多种土地利用类型和格局的综合影响.在土地利用方面,TP、TN浓度在干、湿季节均与不透水用地呈显著正相关,与草地、林地和湿地均表现为负相关,并且湿地与水质指标的负相关性较草地、林地显著.在土地利用格局方面,TP、TN浓度在干、湿季均与平均斑块形状呈负相关,与斑块密度、多样性指数为正相关;在景观相邻性影响方面,土地利用格局与TN浓度关系密切,湿季呈负相关,干季为正相关.

Research on the Influence of Urban Land Use Structure and Pattern on Nitrogen, Phosphorus of Wetland Water Environment in Xianlin New Town of Nanjing

The 10 typical wetlands in Xianlin New Townof Nanjing were classified into three categories, including rural wetland, suburban wetland, and urban wetland according to the influence of urbanization as well as the characteristics of wetland and LUCC of catchment regions. RDA was used to analyse the relationships between nitrogen and phosphorus in urban wetland and various types and patterns of land use. It was found that the water quality of the urban wetlands presented to be worse than that from rural wetlands, followed by sub urban wetlands. Secondly, according to all investigated wetlands, TP and TN turned out to be higher during the wet seasons than dry seasons. In addition, significant differences of TP were observed between wet and dry seasons for rural and suburban wetlands, and it was not so obvious for urban wetlands. However, the differences of TN was opposite to that of TP. Thirdly, factors affecting the water quality of wetlands were comprised of types and patterns of land use, and thus significant positive relationships were found between the concentrations of TN and TP and the impervious land, while negative correlations for meadows, woodlands and wetlands. What's more, higher remarkable differences were found in wetlands than those from meadows and woodlands. Regarding to patterns of land use, TP, TN concentrations were negatively correlated with the average patch shape in the dry and wet seasons, whereas positively relationships were observed for patch density and diversity index; furthermore, with refer to the impact of adjacent landscape, significant relationships were found between the content of TN and the patterns of land use and thus, a negative correlation in the wet season and a positive correlation in the dry season were observed, respectively.