中国铅流改变原因分析

近年来,伴随一系列铅污染综合整治行动,我国铅流有所改变.探究产生这些变化的深层原因,可进一步为资源环境改善提供依据.根据铅流分析框架,辨识出引起铅流变化的因素,包括规模性和技术性两类因素.在此基础上,围绕铅产量、废铅回收量等规模性指标,铅循环率、环境释放率等技术性指标,分别从消费、贸易、技术、管理等方面分析了我国铅流改变的原因.结果表明,10年来铅制品国内消费量以年均24.7%的速度急剧增长,拉动了铅消费量增长;而铅消费增长又拉动了铅产量以年均14.2%的速度快速增长,进而最终拉动了国内铅矿石资源消耗量、铅矿石净进口量、废铅回收量的增长;铅制品国内消费率的增大方便了铅循环率的提高;国家宏观管理加强,通过关停规模小、技术落后的涉铅企业,并倡导先进技术的应用,为提高资源利用率,降低铅环境释放率提供了重要保障.

Reasons for the Changes in Anthropogenic Lead Flows of China

In recent years, accompanied by a series of comprehensive improvement actions on lead pollution, anthropogenic lead flows of China have somewhat changed; by exploring the reasons, some references can be provided for further improvement in resource utilization and environment quality. In this paper, based on the framework of lead flow analysis, the causes of changes in lead flows were identified and divided into scale factors and technical factors. Based on that and taking indices such as the quantities of lead production and recovered lead scraps, and lead recycling rate and emission rates as the scale and technical indices, respectively, the reasons for the changes of lead flow in our country were analyzed from the aspects of consumption, trade, technology, management and so on. The results showed: the domestic consumption of lead products has been gro wing quickly at an average annual rate of 24.7%, which pulled the growth of domestic lead consumption; The growth of lead consumption further increased the growth of lead production at an average annual rate of 14.2%, which finally pulled the growth of domestic lead ore resource consumption, lead concentrates net imports and lead scraps recovering; The increases in domestic consumption ratio of final lead products promoted the improvement of the lead recycling rate; As national management was strengthened, most lead-enterprises with small scale and old-dated technologies were closed, meanwhile, some advanced technologies were encouraged to be employed, thus the general resource utilization rate was improved and environmental lead emissions rate was reduced.