有机氯农药在岩溶区上覆土壤中的垂直迁移特征及对地下水的影响

选取典型表层岩溶泉域内的土壤剖面和表层岩溶泉水为研究对象,采用气相色谱(GC-μECD)对土壤和地下水中的有机氯农药(organochlorine pesticides,OCPs)进行定量分析,研究了有机氯农药在岩溶区上覆土壤中的垂直迁移以及对地下水的影响.结果表明,研究区所有土壤剖面中,HCHs和DDTs均有检出.HCHs和DDTs的含量范围分别为:0.77~18.3 ng·g-1(平均5.16 ng·g-1)和0.34~226 ng·g-1(平均16 ng·g-1).研究区土壤中的HCHs和DDTs峰值主要出现在土壤亚表层.在一年的观测期间,4个表层岩溶泉中均有HCHs和DDTs检出.泉水中HCHs和DDTs的含量范围分别为:2.09~60.1 ng·L-1(平均12 ng·L-1)和N.D~79.8 ng·L-1(平均9.16 ng·L-1).后沟泉、柏树湾泉、兰花沟泉的HCHs和DDTs含量以及水房泉中的HCHs含量均呈现出雨季高于旱季的特点.泉水中的HCHs、DDTs含量与泉域内土壤中的HCHs、DDTs含量并没有很好的对应关系.研究表明,TOC、土壤含水量、黏粒含量、p H均对后沟泉域土壤中有机氯农药垂直迁移产生抑制作用,致使后沟泉域土壤中有机氯农药含量虽然在4个泉域中最高,但泉水中的含量却最低.而在水房泉泉域,这4个因素对有机氯农药的垂直迁移均没有抑制作用,因此水房泉泉域土壤中有机氯农药含量虽然最低,但泉水中有机氯农药的含量却较高.

Vertical Migration Characteristics of Organochlorine Pesticides in Overlying Soil in Karst Terranes and Its Impact on Groundwater

Five soil profiles and four typical epikarst springs were selected in Nanchuan District, Chongqing Municipality as objects of the study on vertical migration of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the soils and its impact on groundwater. OCPs in soil and epikarst spring water samples were quantitatively analyzed by gas chromatography. The results showed that HCHs and DDTs were detected in all the 5 soil profiles, varying in the range of 0.77-18.3 and 0.34-226 ng ·g^-1, and averaging 5.16 and 16 ng ·g^-1 in concentration, respectively. The highest concentrations of HCHs and DDTs were found in the subsoil (10-40 cm) in most sampling sites. The detection ratios of HCHs and DDTs in four springs were 100%. The concentrations of HCHs and DDTs fluctuated greatly in epikarst spring water during the one-year observation, and the concentration ranged from 2.09 to 60.1 and from N.D. to 79.8 ng ·L^-1, with a mean value of 12 and 9.16 ng ·L^-1, respectively. The concentrations of HCHs and DDTs in Hougou, Baishuwan and Lanhuagou spring in rainy season were all higher than those in dry season in these three epikarst springs. There were no good corresponding relationship between HCHs and DDTs contents in spring water and those in corresponding spring catchment soil. TOC, soil water content, clay content and pH all inhibited the vertical migration of OCPs in Hougou spring catchment, which led to the lowest content of OCPs in spring water, although the OCPs content in Hougou spring catchment soils was the highest in the four spring catchments. However, the four factors didn't inhibit the vertical migration of OCPs in Shuifang spring catchment, which led to higher OCPs content in spring water, although the OCPs content in spring catchment soils was the lowest in the four spring catchments.