运用Jayaweera-Mikkelsen模型对太湖地区水稻田稻季氨挥发的模拟

运用密闭气室通气法测定了太湖地区典型水稻田lysimeter实验中肥料施用后的稻季氨挥发动态变化和总损失量,并使用Jayaweera-Mikkelsen氨挥发模型验证了测定结果.田间测定结果表明,施用普通尿素和控释尿素后的氨挥发显著不同,在水稻生育期普通尿素的氨挥发损失达施入N量的29%～35%,不同施N水平间差异显著;而不同用量的控释尿素的氨挥发损失则相对一致,仅为施入N量的5%.模型高估了生育期的氨挥发总量,特别是在普通尿素高挥发时期造成了较大偏差.对尿素处理,模型预测值与实测值的比率为2.95～4.19;对控释尿素处理,预测值对实测值有正负偏差,比率为1.19～1.40.运用预测值与实测值的级数商评价了模型的实用性.通过灵敏度分析,对模型中的参数NH 4-N的浓度进行了修正,引入了限制条件.修正后的模型能够很好地满足对高挥发量的预测,模拟结果比率为1.12～1.28.实测田面水中的NH 4-N浓度不能代表模型中参与计算的实际浓度,可能原因是藻类活动对NH 4-N浓度和氨挥发过程产生的影响.

Modeling the Ammonia Volatilization from Common Urea and Controlled Releasing Urea Fertilizers in Paddy Soil of Taihui Region of China by Jayaweera-Mikkelsen Model

The ammonia volatilization on the Typic Gleyi-stagnic Anthrosol with application of common urea and controlled release urea (LP-S100) fertilizers in the rice seasons in paddy soil of Taihui region of China was modeled by Jayaweera-Mikkelsen model. Results showed great difference of ammonia volatilization from two type fertilizers was detected with lysimeter experiment in the rice season. Nitrogen loss via ammonia volatilization after common urea application with conventional ways was 29%-35%, while only 5% of controlled release urea-N was volatilized. The Jayaweera-Mikkelsen model was over estimated the total amount of ammonia volatilization in the whole season, and great deviation from the measured data was obvious for the higher volatilization from common urea fertilizer. The estimated data were 2.95-4.19 times of the measures one for common urea treatments, while they were 1.19-1.40 times of those measured for LP-S100 treatments. The order of magnitude quotient was one of the indicators to evaluate the model estimation. The value of it was 0.8, which indicated the estimation of the model need improvement. Though sensitive analysis for the five parameters in the model was tested and amended the parameter of the concentration of NH⁺₄-N, a limited term was inducted in the model operation. The amended model got better results as the ratio of estimation to measured data was decreased to 1.12-1.28. The alga activity in the paddy field influenced ammonia volatilization and might make the failure of the model estimation of the original model.