贵州纳朵洞洞穴水水文地球化学变化特征及其环境意义

对贵州关岭纳朵洞2012年12月至2014年12月期间,三处滴水(S1、S2、S3)和一处池水(SC)的地球化学指标进行动态监测.结合当地气象资料,分析了观测期间纳朵洞洞穴水水文地球化学季节变化及其对外界气候变化的响应.结果表明,纳朵洞洞穴水的水化学类型主要为HCO_3~--Ca~(2+)型,除每年降水量最大的月份外,滴水和池水长期处于沉积状态;纳朵洞3个滴水点的离子浓度由于岩溶水在洞顶的运移路径和时间不同存在一定差异,池水因受到洞穴混合水和洞穴空气较高CO2浓度的影响,其离子浓度高于滴水且变化幅度偏大;纳朵洞洞穴水地球化学指标具有显著的季节变化规律,可以很好地响应外部气候环境变化;离子浓度对极端气候事件引起的年际间降水变化的响应比较敏感:2013年雨季的Ca~(~(2+))、Mg~(2+)、SO_4~(2-)浓度高且平稳,而2014年雨季其浓度偏低且波动大,不同观测点的响应程度和时间并不一致.

Variation Characteristics of Cave Water Hydrogeochemistry in Naduo Cave of Guizhou and Its Implications for Environment Research

During the period from December 2012 to December 2014, three dripping water sites (S1, S2, S3) and one pool water site (SC) have been selected for a long-term monitoring of geochemical indexes in Naduo Cave, Guanling county of Guizhou Province, China. Based on the local meteorological data, this paper analyzed the seasonal change of hydro-geochemical indicators and their feedbacks to climate events. The results indicated that the hydro-geochemical type of cave water was HCO₃^--Ca²⁺. Dripping water and pool water were in deposition all the year, except in the month with the maximum precipitation. There were some discrepancies of main ions' concentration among three dripping water sites due to the difference of the migration pathways and migration time. Affected by mixed water and high CO₂ concentration of cave air, the ion concentration of pool water was higher than dripping water, and there was considerable fluctuation. The geochemistry indexes of water in Naduo Cave showed extraordinary seasonal variation rules and could perfectly respond to the external climate environment. The concentration of ions was sensitive to the response of the annual precipitation change caused by extreme climate events. During the rainy season, the concentrations of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ and SO₄^2- in 2013 were relatively higher and more stable than those in 2014. The response time and susceptivity of each monitoring site were inconsistent.