尾水受纳河流中PhACs在传统水相中的分布及环境风险

胶体介质不仅是水环境中污染物一个重要的"汇",还是污染物生物地球化学循环中至关重要的调控单元.本研究利用错流超滤、固相萃取、液相色谱质谱联用仪等前处理和分析检测方法调查了10种典型的药物活性化合物（PhACs）在污水厂尾水受纳河流传统水相中的分布和环境风险水平.结果表明,10种PhACs在水体溶解相和胶体中的含量分别达到27.2~168.1 ng·L^-1和164.5~751.1 ng·g^-1.布洛芬（IPF）、罗红霉素（ROX）和红霉素（ETM）是两种介质中最为主要的污染物,三者污染浓度占到总浓度的80%以上.胶体对ROX、酮康唑、ETM和舍曲林都表现出较强的吸附性能,胶体/水分配系数（lgK_col）在3.2~4.0之间,吸附率达到21.1%~34.5%.10种PhACs对绿藻、溞和鱼的急、慢性毒性风险评估结果中,仅IPF对鱼类产生高等慢性风险,其余为中等风险及以下.值得注意的是,相对于急性风险来说,更多的PhACs对高等水生生物产生慢性不利影响.

Distribution and Environmental Risk of Pharmaceutically Active Compounds in the Traditionally Aqueous Phase of Effluent-receiving Rivers

Colloid media are not only an important "sink" for pollutants in the aquatic environment, but also a crucial regulating unit for the biogeochemical cycle of pollutants. In this study, the distribution and environmental risk levels of ten typical pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in the water phase of effluent-receiving rivers were investigated using cross-flow ultrafiltration, solid-phase extraction, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry as the pretreatment and analysis methods. The results showed that the total concentrations of the ten PhACs in the dissolved phase and colloidal phase ranged from 27.2 to 168.1 ng·L^-1 and 164.5 to 751.1 ng·g^-1, respectively. Ibuprofen (IPF), roxithromycin (ROX), and erythromycin (ETM) are the dominating pollutants in the dissolved phase and colloidal phase, accounting for more than 80% of the total concentration. Strong adsorption properties for ROX, ketoconazole, ETM, and sertraline were found in the colloid phase, their colloid/water distribution coefficients (lgK_col) ranged from 3.2 to 4.0, and the percentage of PhACs absorbed to the colloidal phase reached 21.1%-34.5%. The risk assessment of acute and chronic toxicity to algae, daphnia, and fish showed that only IPF presented a high chronic risk to fish, while the risk levels of the other PhACs were at or below medium risk. It is worth noting that, in comparison with their acute risk, most PhACs have chronic negative effects on higher aquatic organisms.