基于湖泊与出入湖水质关联性研究:以鄱阳湖为例

基于1996～2016年鄱阳湖及出入湖水质数据,解析了鄱阳湖与出入湖河流水质间关联及影响因素.结果表明TN和TP是引起鄱阳湖水质下降的主要因子,其中,1996～2003年,鄱阳湖及出入湖水质总体较好,但呈下降趋势,主要受流域污染负荷增加影响; 2004～2011年,水质继续下降,"五河"水质下降明显,并引起鄱阳湖水质下降;由于鄱阳湖较强的水质净化能力,其出湖水质相对较好,该阶段水质下降受流域污染负荷增加与水文条件变化共同影响; 2012～2016年,水质进一步下降,入湖河流水质快速下降及来水量减少,使鄱阳湖水质净化能力降低,进而导致出湖水质也有所下降,该阶段鄱阳湖水质下降仍受流域污染负荷增加与水文条件变化共同影响.由此可见,入湖河流与鄱阳湖水质关联密切,南部和东部湖区TN浓度明显高于西部湖区,主要与赣江和信江TN负荷输入有关;南部湖区TP浓度明显高于东部和西部湖区,主要与赣江和抚河TP负荷较高有关.相对于水文条件变化,流域污染增加对湖泊水污染贡献更明显.

Correlation Analysis of Water Quality Between Lake Inflow and Outflow: A Case Study of Poyang Lake

The relationships between inflow and outflow water quality data for Poyang Lake from 1996 to 2016 are discussed and the main influencing factors are identified. TN and TP were the main factors causing a decline in water quality in Poyang Lake during the study period. The water quality of both the inflow and outflow rivers was generally good between 1996 and 2003; however, water quality declined over the study period, which is attributed to an increase in nutrients loads in the watershed. From 2004 to 2011, the water quality of the "Five Rivers" decreased significantly, which caused the water quality of Poyang Lake to decline. Due to the high purification capacity of Poyang Lake, the water quality of the outflow during this period was relatively good. A decline in water quality after this point was affected by pollution loads and hydrological conditions. Specifically, from 2012 to 2016, water quality in Poyang Lake and of the inflow water declined further. This was combined with a decrease in the water-purification capacity of the lake due to changes in the hydrological conditions, resulting in lower water quality at the outflow. Overall, the water quality of the inflow river has been closely related to the water quality in Poyang Lake. The concentrations of TN were significantly higher in the southern and eastern areas of Poyang Lake compared to the western areas. Higher nutrient loading from the Ganjiang River and the Xinjiang River has been an important driver. The concentrations of TP in the southern area of the lake have been significantly higher than in the eastern and western areas. This is attributed to comparatively high TP loads in the Ganjiang River and the Fuhe River. Compared to the changes in hydrological conditions, variations in nutrient loading have had a greater effect on water quality in the lake.