抗生素企业VOCs排放清单及影响范围模拟

药品生产要消耗大量的原材料,是公认的"高污染、高耗能"行业.鉴于制药行业排放清单研究匮乏,本研究首先依据典型抗生素企业的实际监测数据及生产信息,采用实测法确定了各VOCs物质的排放因子;然后结合同一园区内抗生素A～G厂的活动水平信息,采用排放因子法计算得到各个厂的排放量,建立排放清单,并运用Monte Carlo法对清单进行了不确定性分析;最后用CALPUFF模型对A～G厂进行春夏秋冬四季的环境影响范围模拟.结果表明,抗生素企业生产中的总VOCs排放因子(以抗生素计,下同)为6 655. 61 g·t-1,其中结晶工序排放因子最大,为3 603. 476 g·t-1. A～G厂每年生产抗生素会分别产生VOCs 6 655. 610、7 454. 283、998. 342、11 980. 098、4 492. 537、42 462. 792和18 302. 928 kg,其中排放量最大的前4种物质依次为乙酸丁酯、正丁醇、正己烷和丙酮.通过对A厂进行Monta Carlo模型验证发现,A厂排放量基本呈对数正态分布,95%置信区间的不确定性为(-60. 62%,131. 78%),处于可接受范围.通过CALPUFF模拟,各季节VOCs扩散方向和扩散范围均不同,夏季出现中心聚集现象.

VOCs Emission Inventory and Impact Range Simulation of Antibiotic Enterprises

Drug production consumes a large amount of raw materials and is recognized as a "high-pollution, high-energy-consumption" industry. In consideration of the small amount of emission inventory research in the pharmaceutical industry, firstly, based on the actual monitoring data and production information of typical antibiotic enterprises, the emission factors of various volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were determined using the field measurement method. Then, combined with the activity level information of antibiotics from A to G plant in the same park, the emission factor method was used to calculate and obtain the emissions of each plant, and an emission list was established. Uncertainty analysis of the list was carried out using the Monte Carlo method. Finally, the CALPUFF model was used to simulate the environmental impact range of the A-G plants in spring, summer, autumn, and winter. The results showed that the total VOCs emission factor in the production of antibiotic enterprises was 6655.61 g·t^-1, and the crystallization process emission factor was the largest, at 3603.476 g·t^-1. The A to G plants produce 6655.610, 7454.283, 998.342, 11980.098, 4492.537, 42462.792, and 18302.928 kg, respectively, of VOCs each year for the production of antibiotics, and the four substances with the largest emissions are butyl acetate, n-butanol, n-hexane, and acetone, respectively. Through the verification of the Monte Carlo model for plant A, it was found that the emissions of plant A basically presented as a lognormal distribution, and the uncertainty of 95% confidence interval was (-60.62%, 131.78%), which was within the acceptable range. Through CALPUFF simulation, the diffusion direction and range of VOCs were found to be different in each season, and an aggregation phenomenon occurs in summer.