四川省人为源挥发性有机物组分清单及其臭氧生成潜势

基于调研文献测试数据，对不含含氧有机物（oxygenated volatile organic compounds，OVOCs）组分的源成分谱进行修订和重构，得到归一化的VOCs源成分谱，根据2015年四川省大气污染源排放清单建立了基于源成分谱的1 km×1 km VOCs组分排放清单，并估算其臭氧生成潜势以评估对臭氧生成的影响.所建立的VOCs源成分谱库包括45个源成分谱和519种组分，由于针对富含OVOCs的生物质燃烧和汽车排放等源类进行了修订和重构，因此所建立的源成分谱库对于VOCs组分清单构建和源解析具有更好地应用性.VOCs组分清单结果表明，四川省人为源VOCs总排放量为773.8 kt，其中烷烃、烯烃、炔烃、芳香烃、OVOCs、卤代烃和其它VOCs分别占VOCs总排放量的21.6%、10.0%、1.7%、28.0%、26.2%、4.2%和8.3%，总臭氧生成潜势（ozone formation potential，OFP）为2584.9 kt，上述各类VOCs分别占总OFP的6.9%、26.1%、0.5%、42.3%、23.2%、0.4%和0.5%.四川省各城市VOCs排放组分均以芳香烃、OVOCs和烷烃为主，但亦存在显著差异：成都、雅安、阿坝、甘孜和凉山机动车排放贡献较大，烷烃排放量占VOCs排放总量的比例较高；攀枝花为工艺过程源贡献较大的重工业城市，烷烃排放量占比较高；德阳、眉山、遂宁和资阳溶剂使用源排放较大，OVOCs排放量占比较高.四川省VOCs排放量和OFP较大的组分主要集中分布于人口和工业较为密集和发达的四川盆地区域以及凉山和攀枝花的部分地区，其中间-二甲苯和甲苯主要贡献源为溶剂使用源，导致其在城市建成区的分布更为集中，生物质燃烧对乙烯和甲醛排放有大量贡献，造成其在农业发达的川东和川南的耕地区域有大量分布.

Speciated VOCs Emission Inventory and Ozone Formation Potential in Sichuan Province

Based on the measured data in the literature, VOCs (volatile organic compounds) source profiles were revised and reconstructed without OVOCs (oxygenated volatile organic compounds) species to obtain the normalized VOCs source profiles. Using the 2015 Sichuan emission inventory, source profiles based on the 1 km×1 km gridded speciated VOCs emission inventory were developed, and the ozone formation potentials of the species were estimated to assess the environmental impact on ozone formation. The established VOCs source profile database consists of 45 source profiles and 519 species. Since the source profiles were established based on the revision and reconstruction of pollution sources, such as biomass burning and transportation, that are rich in OVOCs, the source profile database is better applicable to establishing the speciated VOCs emission inventory and source apportionment. The speciated VOCs emission inventory showed that the total anthropogenic emission of VOCs in Sichuan Province was 773.8 kt, of which the emissions of alkanes, olefins, alkynes, aromatics, OVOCs, halohydrocarbons, and other VOCs accounted for 21.6%, 10.0%, 1.7%, 28.0%, 26.2%, 4.2%, and 8.3% of the total respectively. The total OFP (Ozone formation potential) was 2584.9 kt, of which the OFPs of the VOCs groups mentioned above accounted for 6.9%, 26.1%, 0.5%, 42.3%, 23.2%, 0.4%, and 0.5% respectively. The main VOCs species emitted in all cities of Sichuan Province were aromatics, OVOCs, and alkanes; however, there were some significant regional differences:transportation in Chengdu, Ya''an, Aba, Ganzi, and Liangshan made a greater contribution to VOCs emissions, with alkane emissions accounting for a higher proportion in the total VOCs emission. As a heavy industrial city, Panzhihua suffered most from emissions from industrial processes, which contain a relatively high proportion of alkanes. Solvent use in Deyang, Meishan, Suining, and Ziyang made a great contribution to the VOCs emissions, and the OVOCs emission was relatively high. Emissions of VOCs and species with relatively high OFPs in Sichuan Province were mainly distributed in the Sichuan Basin, which has a dense population and highly developed industry, as well as some areas in Liangshan and Panzhihua. The main source of m-xylene and toluene was solvent use; therefore, m-xylene and toluene were relatively concentrated in developed urban areas. In addition, biomass burning contributed greatly to the emissions of ethene and formaldehyde; therefore, ethene and formaldehyde were mainly distributed in the cultivated areas of agriculturally advanced Eastern Sichuan and Southern Sichuan.