承德市滦河流域土壤重金属地球化学基线厘定及其累积特征

选择承德市滦河流域为研究区,系统采集了351个表层土壤样品(0～20cm),测定了Cu、Ni、Cd、Cr、Pb、Zn、Hg、V、Ti、Mn、As和Co共12种重金属的含量,运用基于参比元素的标准化方法和累积频率曲线法确定了12种重金属元素的地球化学基线值,结合主成分分析法与地统计方法统计结果,分析了重金属的空间结构和分布特征,利用地累积指数法对不同土壤类型和土地利用方式表层土壤重金属累积程度进行了分类评价.结果表明,滦河流域表层土壤V、Ti、Cd、Pb、Mn和Co元素地球化学基线值高于河北省背景值,As、Zn、Cr、Cu、Ni和Hg元素地球化学基线值低于河北省背景值.表层土壤重金属总体累积程度由强至弱为:Cd Pb Cu Ti Mn Zn Cr Ni Co V Hg As,80%以上的土壤样品中Pb、Ti、V、As和Co元素属无累积-中度累积水平,70%以上土壤样品中Hg、Mn、Ni、Cu、As、Cd和Cr元素属无累积-中度累积水平.土壤重金属总体累积程度在棕壤、褐土和潮土中依次增大;在工矿用地、灌木林地中较高,林地、草地中相对最低.农用地表层土壤中Pb、Cd元素累积程度相对较高,分别有27. 69%和25. 38%的样品属中等以上累积水平.滦河流域表层土壤Ti、V、Co、Ni和Cr元素同源性较高,与原生高地质背景相关; Cd、Pb、Zn,Mn、Cu和As元素污染累积受成土母岩和人为因素共同作用影响,Hg元素累积则主要来源于人为活动.

Determination of Heavy Metal Geochemical Baseline Values and Its Accumulation in Soils of the Luanhe River Basin, Chengde

A total of 351 surface soil samples (0-20 cm) were collected from the Luanhe River Basin in Chengde City (a typical area of concentrated mineral resources) and analyzed for 12 heavy metals (Cu, Ni, Cd, Cr, Pb, Zn, Hg, V, Ti, Mn, As, and Co). The geochemical baseline values of the heavy metals were determined using the reference element method and the cumulative frequency curve method. Furthermore, the spatial structure and distribution characteristics of the heavy metals were assessed based on PCA and geostatistical analysis. The accumulation of heavy metal pollution in different types of soil and in association with different land use patterns was also evaluated using a geological accumulative index. The results showed that the geochemical baseline values of V, Ti, Cd, Pb, Mn, and Co in the surface soils of the Luanhe River Basin were higher than their background values for Hebei Province. In contrast, the geochemical baseline values of As, Zn, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Hg were lower than their background values. The average accumulation index of the surface soils followed the order of Cd > Pb > Cu > Ti > Mn > Zn > Cr > Ni > Co > V > Hg > As. More than 80% of the soil samples were categorized as having no accumulation or moderate accumulation of Pb, Ti, V, As, and Co, while over 70% of the soil samples were categorized as having no accumulation or moderate accumulation of Hg, Mn, Ni, Cu, As, Cd, and Cr. With respect to different soil types, the average accumulation index of heavy metals followed the order of fluvo-aquic soil>cinnamon soil>brown soil. With respect to land use types, the accumulation index of heavy metals followed the order of industrial and mining land > shrub forest land > agricultural land > woodland and grassland. The accumulation of Pb and Cd in the surface soils of agricultural land was relatively high in comparison to the other elements, with 27.69% and 25.38% of the samples being above the moderate accumulation level, respectively. The iron group elements Ti, V, Co, Ni, and Cr are likely to derive from naturally high geological background sources, while the spatial patterns of Cd, Pb, Zn, Mn, Cu, and As were associated with the combination of parent material and anthropogenic inputs. The accumulation of Hg was mainly influenced by human activities.