三峡库区蓄水期和非蓄水期附石藻类群落变化及其影响因子分析

以三峡库区重庆段奉节地区草堂河、梅溪河和大溪河三条支流为研究区域,对蓄水期和非蓄水期库区支流的非回水区和回水区(常年回水区和变动回水区)附石藻类组成及其相关环境因素进行分析.结果表明,3条支流共发现附石藻类103种,隶属4门45属,非回水区67种,隶属3门34属,回水区82种(常年回水区64种,变动回水区41种),隶属4门34属.蓄水期,非回水区优势种为变异直链藻、扁圆卵形藻、普通等片藻、锉刀布纹藻和巨颤藻,回水区优势种为变异直链藻、近缘桥弯藻、普通等片藻、高山立方藻和颗粒直链藻;非蓄水期,非回水区优势种为变异直链藻、近缘桥弯藻和扁圆卵形藻,回水区优势种为巨颤藻、岩栖颤藻、美丽颤藻、尖针杆藻、丝藻、优美平裂藻和小颤藻,表明非蓄水期不同河段优势藻种差异显著,而蓄水期不同河段优势藻种差异较小;非回水区不同时期优势藻种无明显差异,在非蓄水期常年回水区和变动回水区优势种属差异相对较小,而蓄水期差异较大.冗余(RDA)分析表明,附石藻类组成变化是温度、电导率(SPC)、p H、总氮(TN)和总磷浓度(TP)等环境因子共同作用的结果,各样点优势藻种细胞密度变化主要受氮、磷元素浓度变化的影响.这些结果表明库区不同水文情势不仅影响支流水体环境,而且对底栖藻类组成变化起着重要的作用.

Dynamics of Epilithic Algae Communities and Their Relationship with Environmental Factors During Storage and Non-storage Periods in the Three Gorges Reservoir

In order to explore the composition of epiphytic algae and its related environmental factors, 12 sampling sites in the natural reaches and the backwater reaches (including perennial backwater sections and fluctuating backwater sections) were investigated among tributaries of the Caotang River, the Meixi River, and the Daxi River in the Fengjie district of the Chongqing section of the Three Gorges Reservoir under different hydrological regimes (i.e., storage and non-storage periods). Results showed that 103 species of epilithic algae belonging to 45 genera and 4 families are found in the 3 tributaries. This included 67 species belonging to 34 genus in the natural sections and 82 species (64 species in perennial backwater sections and 41 species in fluctuating backwater sections) belonging to 34 genera in the backwater sections. During the storage period, the dominant species in the natural sections were Melosira varians, Cocconeis placentula, Diatoma vulgure, Gyrosigma scalproides, and Oscillatoria tenuis, while the dominant species in the backwater sections were M. varians, Cymbella affinis,D. vulgure, Eucapsis alpina, and M. granulata. During the non-storage period, the dominant species in the natural sections were M. varians, C. affinis, and C. placentula, whereas the dominant species in the backwater sections were O. princeps, O. rupicola,O. formosa, Synedra acus, Ulothrix sp., Merismopedia elegans, and O. tenuis. These results suggested that the compositions of dominant species showed significant differences during the non-storage period, while little difference was found during the storage period. In addition, the dominant species did not show a significant change in the natural sections, but a marked difference was observed in the backwater sections. Similar dominant species were observed in both perennial and fluctuating backwater sections during the non-storage period, but significantly different dominant species were found during the storage period. Redundancy analysis suggested that the composition of epilithic algae was influenced by different environmental factors, such as temperature, electrical conductivity, pH, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus. Indeed, changes in the cell densities of dominant algae at the different sites were mainly affected by temperature and the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus. These results suggest that the different hydrological regimes had an important role not only on the reservoir water environment, but also the dynamics of epilithic algal communities.