致癌和非致癌环境健康风险的预期寿命损失评价法

预期寿命损失法（loss of life expectancy,LLE）可以对致癌和非致癌物质的环境健康风险进行评价和比较,是一种污染物环境健康风险评价的新方法.应用该方法对中国目前危害较大的6种典型致癌和非致癌污染物砷、DDTs、苯并芘、铅、汞、镉造成的人体的预期寿命损失进行了分析,并比较了6种污染物的环境健康风险大小.结果表明,预期寿命损失法可以作为污染物健康风险评价的一种方法,致癌物质砷、DDTs、苯并芘分别导致一个健康个体寿命损失3.6 d、2.2 d和12.1 d,非致癌物质铅、汞、镉分别导致一个健康个体寿命损失1.1 d、1.7 d和5.8 d;用预期寿命损失方法可以对致癌、非致癌风险在同一尺度上进行比较,在目标污染物现有相关研究基础上,6种污染物的健康风险大小顺序为苯并芘＞镉＞砷＞DDTs＞汞＞铅.

Method of Loss of Life Expectancy for Quantitate and Compare the Health Risk Caused by Carcinogen and Non-carcinogen Pollutants

Loss of life expectancy(LLE) was used to evaluate and quantitate the health risk caused by carcinogen and non-carcinogen pollutants,and was proposed as a new method to compare the environmental health risk of different pollutants.The environmental health risks exposed by 6 major environmental pollutants in China,i.e.,arsenic,DDTs,BaP,lead,cadmium and mercury,were evaluated and compared by using LLE.The LLE caused by carcinogen pollutants such as arsenic,DDTs and BaP are 3.6 d,2.2 d and 12.1 d respectively,while the corresponding values caused by non-carcinogen pollutants such as lead,mercury and cadmium are 1.1 d,1.7 d and 5.8 d respectively.Based on the studies published before,the rank of the health risk of the selected six environmental pollutants is BaP >cadmium >arsenic >DDTs >mercury >lead.The results reveal that the LLE can be utilized as a new index to evaluate and quantitate the health risk,and the environmental health risk caused by carcinogen and non-carcinogen pollutants can be compared within an unitive criterion by LLE.