河北省2013~2020年大气污染治理进程中的减污降碳协同效益

当前,我国面临着大气污染治理与碳减排的双重挑战,"减污降碳"成为了社会经济绿色转型的重要抓手.大气污染物和CO₂排放清单是"减污降碳"工作的基础支撑,但已有研究存在着物种覆盖不全、源类体系不一、时间范围较窄等问题.基于统一的源分类体系与源排放表征技术,建立了河北省2013~2020年排放清单,据此分析了排放的总量趋势、结构演变、变化驱动、协同效益和区域分布.研究期内,河北省取得了社会经济发展与人为源排放控制的双赢,SO₂排放在"大气十条"期间下降速度较快,VOCs和NH₃排放在"蓝天保卫战"期间减排效果更好,NO_x和PM_2.5排放的下降速度相对稳定,CO₂排放略有上升.燃煤治理有效削减了大气污染物和CO₂排放,重点行业超低排放改造降低了SO₂、NO_x和PM_2.5排放,但VOCs治理力度有待提升.电力源和民用源实现了大气污染物与CO₂的协同减排,散煤治理从源头优化了能源结构,使得民用源具有更高的减排协同度.河北省"减污降碳"的重点区域为石家庄、唐山、邯郸、保定和廊坊.研究提出的方法与结论可为区域"减污降碳"工作提供技术借鉴与决策参考.

Synergistic Benefits of Pollution and Carbon Reduction from Air Pollution Control in Hebei Province from 2013 to 2020

Recently, China has been facing the dual challenges of air pollution control and carbon emission reduction. Pollution and carbon reduction have become a breakthrough point for green socio-economic transformation. Air pollutant and CO₂ emission inventories provide a tool for monitoring pollution and carbon reduction; however, there have been some problems in previous studies, including incomplete species coverage, different source classifications, and narrow time scales. Based on the unified emission source classification system and estimation method, an emission inventory was developed for Hebei Province from 2013 to 2020, and the emission trends, structure change, driving force, synergistic benefits, and spatial distribution were analyzed. Hebei Province achieved a balance during the study period in socio-economic development and anthropogenic emission control. SO₂ emissions decreased rapidly during the "Ten Atmospheric Measures" period. VOCs and NH₃ emissions reduction were more significant during the "Blue Sky Defense War" period. The decrease rates of NO_x and PM_2.5 emissions were relatively stable, and CO₂ emissions increased slightly. The coal-fired treatment effectively reduced the air pollutant and CO₂ emissions and strengthening the emission standards for key industries reduced SO₂, NO_x, and PM_2.5 emissions; however, the VOCs emission control requires improvement. Power and residential sources achieved co-reduction of air pollutants and CO₂ and reducing residential coal optimized the energy structure, thereby leading to greater synergistic benefits in the residential source. The key pollution and carbon reduction areas in Hebei Province were Shijiazhuang, Tangshan, Handan, Baoding, and Langfang. The methods and conclusions in this study can provide technical and decision-making references for regional pollution and carbon reduction efforts.