我国不同利用方式土壤的磺胺类和大环内酯类抗生素抗性基因积累

为揭示农用土壤中抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）和可移动元件的积累和分布特征，应用普通PCR和荧光定量PCR技术对我国具有代表性的14个地区的不同利用方式和种植年限土壤进行磺胺类（sul1、sul2）、大环素内酯类（ermB、mefA）的ARGs和整合子（intl1）的定性和定量分析.结果表明，在不同利用方式土壤中sul1、sul2和intl1的检出率均为100%，在设施菜田土壤中ermB和mefA的检出率也为100%，而在露地菜田和粮田土壤中ermB的检出率为94%，mefA的检出率分别为92%、90%.磺胺类和大环内酯类ARGs的绝对丰度在黑龙江地区种植15 a的设施土壤中最高，intl1的绝对丰度在内蒙古地区种植15 a的设施土壤中最高.各地区种植3、7和15 a设施菜田土壤中sul1、sul2、ermB、mefA和intl1的绝对丰度显著高于相同年限下的露地菜田和粮田土壤，设施菜田7 a和15 a土壤中ARGs和intl1的绝对丰度显著高于3 a土壤.除露地菜田土壤sul1和sul2外，露地菜田和粮田土壤中的ARGs和intl1与土壤种植年限无显著相关性，而设施菜田土壤中ARGs和intl1的绝对丰度与种植年限呈显著正相关.相关性分析表明，磺胺类和大环内酯类ARGs的丰度与intl1的丰度呈显著正相关.研究可为农业安全生产提供参考，也进一步为食品安全提供有力支撑.

Accumulation of Sulfonamides and Macrolides Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Soils with Different Utilization Patterns in China

To explore the variation in the absolute abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in different regions of China under different land use modes and different planting years, the qualitative and quantitative study of sulfonamide (sul1,sul2) and macrolide (ermB,mefA) ARGs and an integron gene (intl1) were conducted using ordinary PCR and the fluorescence quantitative technique. The results revealed that the frequencies of sulfonamides (sul1,sul2) and intl1 were all 100% in different soils, and the detection frequencies of macrolides (ermB,mefA) were 100% in facilities vegetable fields; however, in open vegetable fields, and open grain fields, the frequencies of ermB were 94%, and those of mefA were 92% and 90%, respectively. The absolute abundance of sulfonamide and macrolide ARGs was the highest in 15 years facilities vegetable soil in Heilongjiang Province. The absolute abundance of intl1 was the highest in 15 years facilities vegetable soil in Neimenggu Province. The absolute abundances of ARGs and intl1 in facilities vegetable soil of 3, 7, and 15 years were significantly higher than that in open grain fields and open vegetable fields of the same years. The absolute abundance of ARGs and intl1 in facilities vegetable fields for 7 years and 15 years were significantly higher than that for 3 years. There was no significant linear relationship between the gene accumulation and planting life in open vegetable fields and open grain fields, except for sul1 andsul2, whereas there was a significantly positive correlation in facilities vegetable soil. Correlation analysis demonstrated that there was a significant positive correlation between the abundance of ARGs and the abundance of intl1 in different soils. This reveals the accumulation of ARGs and intl1 in soils with different utilization patterns, thereby providing reference and support for secure agricultural production.