螯合剂和生物表面活性剂对 Cu、Pb污染塿土的淋洗修复

螯合剂和生物表面活性剂由于其具有较强的螯合、增溶等特征而被广泛用于土壤中重金属、有机物污染的修复,为探明其对石灰性土壤中重金属污染的修复效果,选用螯合剂乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)和柠檬酸(CIT)以及生物表面活性剂二鼠李糖脂(RL2)作为淋洗剂,采用批实验和柱实验方法,研究了3种淋洗剂以及生物表面活性剂与螯合剂复合对塿土中Cu、Pb的淋洗修复效果.结果表明,不同淋洗剂对塿土中Cu、Pb的淋洗百分率大小表现为EDTA>CIT>RL2,在淋洗剂浓度为0.02mol.L-1时,3种淋洗剂淋洗Cu的百分率分别为62.74%(EDTA)、52.28%(CIT)和15.35%(RL2),淋洗Pb的百分率分别为96.10%(EDTA)、23.08%(CIT)和14.42%(RL2).当RL2浓度在100 CMC时,其对EDTA、CIT淋洗Cu具有协同增溶作用;而当RL2浓度在200 CMC时,对EDTA和CIT淋洗Cu表现为拮抗作用.RL2与EDTA复合对Pb的淋洗影响类似于对Cu的影响;而RL2的存在抑制了CIT对Pb的淋洗作用.EDTA、CIT能有效去除污染塿土中交换态、吸附态、碳酸盐结合态和有机结合态的Cu、Pb;RL2可以去除塿土中交换态、吸附态结合的Cu、Pb.

Remediation of Cu-Pb-Contaminated Loess Soil by Leaching with Chelating Agent and Biosurfactant

Because of its strong chelation, solubilization characteristics, the chelating agents and biosurfactant are widely used in remediation of heavy metals and organic contaminated soils. Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), citric acid (CIT) and di-rhamnolipid (RL2) were selected as the eluent. Batch experiments and column experiments were conducted to investigate the leaching effect of the three kinds of eluent, as well as the mixture of biosurfactant and chelating agent for Cu, Pb contaminated loess soil. The results showed that the leaching efficiencies of different eluent on Cu, Pb contaminated loess soil followed the sequence of EDTA>CIT>RL2. At an eluent concentration of 0.02 mol·L^-1, the Cu leaching efficiency was 62.74% (EDTA), 52.28% (CIT) and 15.35% (RL2), respectively; the Pb leaching efficiency was 96.10% (EDTA), 23.08% (CIT) and 14.42% (RL2), respectively. When the concentration of RL2 was 100 CMC, it had synergistic effects on the other two kinds of chelating agent in Cu leaching, and when the concentration of RL2 was 200 CMC, it had antagonism effects. The effect of RL2 on EDTA in Pb leaching was similar to that in Cu leaching. Pb leaching by CIT was inhibited in the presence of RL2. EDTA and CIT could effectively remove Cu and Pb in exchangeable states, adsorption states, carbonate salts and organic bound forms; RL2 could effectively remove Cu and Pb in exchangeable and adsorbed states.