基于格局-过程理论的非点源污染实证研究:以黄土丘陵沟壑区水土流失为例

非点源污染是影响地表环境的主要污染方式之一.针对黄土高原丘陵沟壑区水土流失这一典型的非点源污染问题,应用非点源污染的空间识别方法———景观空间负荷对比指数和景观坡度指数,对黄土高原泾河流域12个子流域进行了实证研究.结果表明,耕地、低覆盖度草地和各种林地的景观坡度指数和景观空间负荷对比指数对流域土壤侵蚀模数有显著的响应关系,对径流深度存在着一定的响应关系,而对径流变异系数和侵蚀变异系数没有明显的响应.说明景观空间负荷对比指数和景观坡度指数对流域水土流失具有一定的指示作用,可作为水土流失等非点源污染空间风险评价的1个有用方法.

Empirical Study on Non-point Sources Pollution Based on Landscape Pattern & Ecological Processes Theory: A Case of Soil Water Loss on the Loess Plateau in China

Non-point sources pollution is one of main pollution modes which pollutes the earth surface environment.Aimed at soil water loss(a typical non-point sources pollution problem) on the Losses Plateau in China,the paper applied a landscape pattern evaluation method to twelve watersheds of Jinghe River Basin on the Loess Plateau by means of location-weighted landscape contrast index(LCI) and landscape slope index(LSI).The result showed that LSI of farm land,low density grass land,forest land and LCI responded significantly to soil erosion modulus and responded to depth of runoff,while the relationship between these landscape index and runoff variation index and erosion variation index were not statistically significant.This tell us LSI and LWLCI are good indicators of soil water loss and thus have big potential in non-point source pollution risk evaluation.